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      Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Rats

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          Abstract

          Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or premature ovarian failure (POF) is known as a state of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Stem cell therapy is expected to be used in the treatment of POI. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation for the treatment of POI in a rat model of POI induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) injection. The ovarian function was examined by evaluating the weight of the ovary and body, estrus cycle, ovarian morphology, hormonal secretion, granulosa cell apoptosis, and fertility. The results showed that the ovarian function indicators of the modeled rats were comparable to those of the control rats after UCMSC transplantation, indicating that the ovarian function of the modeled rats recovered to a satisfactory extent. Our research may provide an experimental clue for the clinical application of UCMSC transplantation in the treatment of POI. Further experiments will focus on the detailed signaling pathway study of the molecular mechanisms of injury and repairment on the treatment with UCMSCs transplantation in the rat POI models.

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          Stem Cell Therapies in Clinical Trials: Progress and Challenges.

          Alan Trounson, Courtney McDonald (2015)
          Clinical investigations using stem cell products in regenerative medicine are addressing a wide spectrum of conditions using a variety of stem cell types. To date, there have been few reports of safety issues arising from autologous or allogeneic transplants. Many cells administered show transient presence for a few days with trophic influences on immune or inflammatory responses. Limbal stem cells have been registered as a product for eye burns in Europe and mesenchymal stem cells have been approved for pediatric graft versus host disease in Canada and New Zealand. Many other applications are progressing in trials, some with early benefits to patients.
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            Primary ovarian insufficiency.

            Michel de Vos, Paul Devroey, Bart C. J. M. Fauser (2010)
            Primary ovarian insufficiency is a subclass of ovarian dysfunction in which the cause is within the ovary. In most cases, an unknown mechanism leads to premature exhaustion of the resting pool of primordial follicles. Primary ovarian insufficiency might also result from genetic defects, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery. The main symptom is absence of regular menstrual cycles, and the diagnosis is confirmed by detection of raised follicle-stimulating hormone and declined oestradiol concentrations in the serum, suggesting a primary ovarian defect. The disorder usually leads to sterility, and has a large effect on reproductive health when it arises at a young age. Fertility-preservation options can be offered to some patients with cancer and those at risk of early menopause, such as those with familial cases of primary ovarian insufficiency. Long-term deprivation of oestrogen has serious implications for female health in general; and for bone density, cardiovascular and neurological systems, wellbeing, and sexual health in particular. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Ovarian Reserve: Update on Assessing Ovarian Function

              Loes M E Moolhuijsen, Jenny Visser (2020)
              Abstract Context Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of small, growing follicles in the ovary. Serum AMH levels strongly correlate with the number of growing follicles, and therefore AMH has received increasing attention as a marker for ovarian reserve. This review summarizes recent findings and limitations in the application of serum AMH in ovarian reserve assessment. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed search was conducted to find recent literature on the measurements and use of serum AMH as a marker for ovarian reserve. Evidence Synthesis Serum AMH levels are measured to assess the “functional ovarian reserve,” a term that is preferred over “ovarian reserve,” since AMH levels reflect the pool of growing follicles that potentially can ovulate. Serum AMH levels are used in individualized follicle-stimulating hormone dosing protocols and may predict the risk of poor response or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome but has limited value in predicting ongoing pregnancy. Serum AMH levels are studied to predict natural or disease-related age of menopause. Studies show that the age-dependent decline rates of AMH vary among women. The generalized implementation of serum AMH measurement has also led to an increase in diagnostic assays, including automated assays. However, direct comparison of results remains problematic. Conclusion Serum AMH remains the preferred ovarian reserve marker. However, the lack of an international standard for AMH limits comparison between AMH assays. Furthermore, little is known about endogenous and exogenous factors that influence serum AMH levels, which limits proper interpretation of AMH values in a clinical setting.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Liang Wang:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-5284
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 May 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 May 2022
                Volume: 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 9228456
                Affiliations
                1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
                2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yiwu Maternity and Children Hospital, Yiwu Branch of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
                3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Women and Children Hospital of Dongyang, Dongyang Branch of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
                4Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development, S-Evans Biosciences, Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Slim Smaoui

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-076X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-5284
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2022/9228456
                PMC ID: 9170415
                PubMed ID: 35677383
                SO-VID: 9594ec0f-f407-4446-9145-ef60e76813e2
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Meiliang Zhang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 April 2022
                Date revision received : 9 May 2022
                Date accepted : 16 May 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Sci-Tech Research Projects of Education of Zhejiang Province, China
                Award ID: Y202146075
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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