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      Registro paleopalinológico de la formación San Gregorio (Barreno B4), Baja California Sur, México

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          Abstract

          Resumen En la región de La Purísima, Comondú, Baja California Sur, se extrajo el barreno B4 de la formación San Gregorio (Oligoceno superior-Mioceno inferior), el cual contiene microfósiles de origen continental y marino. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar los palinomorfos recuperados del barreno y analizar su riqueza y diversidad α. Con base en los microfósiles continentales, se proponen los tipos de vegetación en que pudieron desarrollarse estos elementos. Así mismo, el ambiente de depósito se interpretó con base en los microfósiles marinos. La riqueza total de taxones fue de n = 189, mientras que la riqueza de los conjuntos de elementos continentales y de dinoflagelados fue n = 161 y n = 28, respectivamente. La diversidad α (H’) de elementos continentales fue de 2.61 y la uniformidad (J’) fue de 0.51. La diversidad H’ del conjunto de dinoflagelados fue de 2.33 y J’ de 0.70. La diversidad H’ del conjunto total fue de 3.02 y J’ de 0.57. El análisis de agrupamiento CONISS (constrained incremental sum of squares clustering), definió tres zonas en la columna estratigráfica del barreno. La zona A, se caracterizó por la presencia de quistes de dinoflagelados de Operculodinium y la escasez de polen-esporas. La zona B, se definió por la existencia de palinomorfos continentales; destacó la presencia de polen de Chenopodipollis, Graminidites, Liliacidites y esporas de Lusatisporis dettmannae, y los quistes de dinoflagelados Achomosphaera, Lingulodinium y Polysphaeridium. La zona C, se estableció por el registro de polen de Tubulifloridites. Los taxones de importancia cronoestratigráfica fueron Corsinipollenites, Ephedripites claricristatus, Momipites coryloides y M. tenuipolus. El conjunto de polen-esporas sugiere la presencia de dos palecomunidades vegetales: a nivel regional, el bosque mesófilo de montaña en las zonas altas y, a nivel local cerca de la paleocuenca de depósito, el bosque tropical caducifolio. La presencia de palinomorfos marinos en el barreno B4 sugiere que estos depósitos corresponden a un ambiente marino somero cercano al litoral.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In La Purísima region, Comondú, Baja California Sur, the borehole B4 was extracted from the San Gregorio formation (upper Oligocene-lower Miocene). It contains continental and marine palynomorphs. The aim of this study was to examine the borehole palinomorphs and analyze their richness and α diversity. We propose the vegetation types in which these elements could develop based on continental microfossils. Also the deposition environment was interpreted based on the marine microfossils. The richness for pollen-spores and dinoflagellate cysts assemblages was n = 161 and n = 28 respectively. The total richness was n = 189. The α-diversity (H’) of the pollen-spores assemblage was 2.61 and the evenness (J’) was 0.51. The dinoflagellate cysts diversity H’ was 2.33 and J’ was 0.70. The total diversity H’ was 3.02, and J’ was 0.57. Using CONISS analysis (constrained incremental sum of squares clustering), three zones in the stratigraphic column of the borehole were defined. Zone A, was characterized by the presence of Operculodinium dinoflagellate cysts and a scarcity of pollen-spores. Zone B, was defined by continental palynomorphs, highlighting the presence of Chenopodipollis, Graminidites, Liliacidites pollen and Lusatisporis dettmannae spores, as well as Achomosphaera, Lingulodinium and Polysphaeridium dinoflagellates cysts. Zone C, was established by the Tubulifloridites pollen record. The chronostratigraphic pointers were: Corsinipollenites, Ephedripites claricristatus, Momipites coryloides and M. tenuipolus. The pollen-spore assemblages suggests the presence of two plant paleocommunities: a cloud forest in the highlands at the regional level, and a tropical deciduous forest at the local level near to the deposit basin. The presence of marine palynomorphs in the sequence suggest that these deposits correspond to a shallow marine environment near the coast.

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          Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.

          Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.
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            CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bsgm
                Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
                Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex
                Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-3322
                2017
                : 69
                : 1
                : 35-58
                Affiliations
                [3] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Ecología orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad Mexico
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Geología orgdiv2Dpto. de Paleontología Mexico
                [1] Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Posgrado en Botánica Mexico
                Article
                S1405-33222017000100035
                9580736c-b405-459c-8e8e-3e94fdd9d1c2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 June 2016
                : 04 November 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 92, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                pollen-spores,dinoflagellates,diversity,paleovegetation,San Gregorio formation,polen-esporas,dinoflagelados,diversidad,paleovegetación,formación San Gregorio

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