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      APAGANDO A NOTA QUE DIZ ESCRAVA: EFIGÊNIA DA SILVA, O BATISMO, O COMPADRIO, OS NOMES, AS CABEÇAS, AS CRIAS, O TRÁFICO, A ESCRAVIDÃO E A LIBERDADE (LUANDA, C. 1770-C. 1811) Translated title: ERASING THE NOTE THAT SAYS SLAVE: EFIGÊNIA DA SILVA, BAPTISM, COMPADRAZGO, NAMES, HEADS, CRIAS, SLAVE TRADE, SLAVERY AND FREEDOM (LUANDA, C. 1770-C. 1811)*

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          Abstract

          Resumo: Mediante registros de batismo da freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de fins do século XVIII, o artigo analisa aspectos da escravidão urbana em Luanda. Salienta que, em um contexto marcadamente impactado pelo tráfico atlântico de cativos, o batismo e o compadrio serviram aos pais, sobretudo às mães, como profilaxia política contra a deportação por meio do comércio de cativos. O simples fato de ser batizado e de receber nome cristão diferenciava os batizados e seus genitores das milhares de cabeças e crias que não recebiam nomes cristãos no ritual do batismo, posto que eram destinadas ao tráfico atlântico de cativos. Isto significa que a hierarquia escravista se manifestou explicitamente nas formas de nomeação cristãs. Assim, não obstante suas dimensões religiosas, católicas ou não, o batismo e o compadrio (re)definiam estatutos jurídico-sociais na cidade, diferenciavam livres de forros e escravos e podiam levar à alforria. Conclui-se que o cristianismo católico, a escravidão em Luanda e o comércio atlântico de cativos estavam umbilicalmente ligados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Based on baptismal records from Luanda’s Parish of Nossa Senhora Conceição, this paper analyzes urban slavery in Angola’s main slave port in the late eighteenth century. Against the backdrop of the transatlantic slave trade, we argue that baptism and godparenting ties served as strategies for African women to evade deportation to Brazil through the slave trade. Baptism and the use of Christian names set Luanda’s enslaved population apart from enslaved Africans shipped abroad, who were neither baptized nor received Christian names because they were destined for the Atlantic slave trade. Naming patterns reveal a hierarchy within the system of slavery, as demonstrated by baptism and godparenting records, which (re)defined judicial and social statuses in Luanda and differentiated free people from freed and enslaved Africans. As this article demonstrates, Christianity, slavery and the Atlantic slave trade were intimately connected in Luanda.

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          Most cited references134

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          The Art of War in Angola, 1575–1680

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            Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830

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              An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World : Benguela and its Hinterland

              This book traces the history and development of the port of Benguela, the third largest port of slave embarkation on the coast of Africa, from the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Benguela, located on the central coast of present-day Angola, was founded by the Portuguese in the early seventeenth century. In discussing the impact of the transatlantic slave trade on African societies, Mariana P. Candido explores the formation of new elites, the collapse of old states and the emergence of new states. Placing Benguela in an Atlantic perspective, this study shows how events in the Caribbean and Brazil affected social and political changes on the African coast. This book emphasizes the importance of the South Atlantic as a space for the circulation of people, ideas and crops.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                alm
                Almanack
                Almanack
                Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP (Guarulhos, SP, Brazil )
                2236-4633
                2020
                : 26
                : ed00819
                Affiliations
                [2] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [1] Filadélfia Pensilvânia orgnameUniversidade da Pensilvânia EUA
                Article
                S2236-46332020000300305 S2236-4633(20)00002600305
                10.1590/2236-463326ed00819
                957d105a-055f-483c-b1a2-2408b9cf7dde

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 September 2019
                : 27 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 135, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Dossiê

                Batismo,escravidão,liberdade,Luanda,Baptism,godparenting,slavery,freedom,compadrio

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