Effects of Age and Immune Landscape on Outcome in HER2-positive Breast Cancer in the NCCTG N9831 (Alliance) and NSABP B-31 (NRG) Trials

Abstract

Purpose:

Young age has been shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcome in breast cancer. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, the effects of aging remain largely unknown.

Patients and Methods:

4,547 patients were included (3,132 from North Central Cancer Treatment Group [NCCTG] N9831 and 1,415 from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] B-31). Pathologic stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) and molecular tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (mTIL) signatures were evaluated.

Results:

In NCCTG N9831, comparable benefit of trastuzumab was observed in all patients (age ≤40; hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28-0.66; P<0.001; and age >40; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45-0.69; P<0.001). Similar results were observed in NSABP B-31 (age ≤40; HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.68; P<0.001; and age >40; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.33-0.54; P<0.001). Among patients who received chemotherapy alone, younger age was associated with poor outcome in the hormone receptor-positive subset, but not the hormone receptor-negative subset, in both trials. While there was no association between sTIL and age, a small, but significant increase in mTIL CD45 and some immune subset signatures were observed. Among patients who received chemotherapy alone, patients over 40 years of age with lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer had excellent outcome, with 95% remaining recurrence-free at 15 years.

Conclusions:

Among patients treated with trastuzumab, there was no significant difference in outcome related to age. Our study suggests that trastuzumab can negate the poor prognosis associated with young age.