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      Expresión numérica del curso clínico de la enfermedad. Manejo de datos Translated title: Numerical expression of the clinical course of the disease. Data management

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          Resumen

          El manejo de datos “ tras bambalinas” se refiere a los procesos de recopilación, limpieza, imputación y demarcación; los cuales, aun siendo indispensables, usualmente suelen ser descuidados, por lo que generan información errónea. Durante la recopilación son errores: omisión de covariables, desvío del objetivo, y calidad insuficiente. La omisión de covariables distorsiona el resultado atribuido a la maniobra principal. El desvío del objetivo primario es común cuando el desenlace es raro, tardado o subjetivo y promueve la sustitución por variables subrogadas no equivalentes. Además, la calidad insuficiente, sucede por instrumentos inadecuados, omisión del procedimiento de medición, o medición fuera de contexto -como atribución a destiempo o equivalente-.

          Por otro lado, la limpieza implica identificar valores erróneos, extremos y faltantes, que podrán ser o no imputados, dependiendo del porcentaje se imputará comúnmente por la medida de resumen. Nunca se imputan los valores de la maniobra ni del desenlace, ni se eliminan pacientes por falta de valores. Finalmente, la demarcación de cada variable busca un significado clínico en referencia al desenlace, para ello se sigue una secuencia jerárquica de criterios: 1) estudio clínico previo, 2) acuerdo de expertos, 3) juicio clínico del investigador/investigadores y 4) estadística. Actuar sin controles de calidad en el manejo de datos provoca frecuentemente mentiras involuntarias y confunde en lugar de esclarecer.

          Abstract

          Data management " behind the scenes" refers to collection, cleaning, imputation, and demarcation; and despite of being indispensable processes, they are usually neglected and thus, generate erroneous information. During the collection are errors: omission of covariates, deviation from the objective, and insufficient quality. The omission of covariates distorts the result attributed to the main manoeuvre. Deviation from the primary objective commonly occurs when the outcome is rare, delayed, or subjective and promotes substitution by non-equivalent surrogate variables. Moreover, insufficient quality occurs due to inadequate instruments, omission of the measurement procedure, or measurements out of context, such as attribution at the wrong time or equivalent.

          Furthermore, cleaning implies identifying erroneous, extreme, and missing values, which may or may not be imputed, depending on the percentage. The values of the manoeuvre or the outcome are never imputed, nor are patients eliminated due to a lack of values. Finally, the demarcation of each variable seeks to give it a clinical meaning about the outcome, for which a hierarchical sequence of criteria is followed: 1) previous clinical study, 2) expert agreement, 3) clinical judgment of the investigator/investigators, and 4) statistics. Acting without quality controls in data management frequently causes involuntary lies and confuses instead of clarifying.

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          Most cited references50

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          The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?

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            Causation and causal inference in epidemiology.

            Concepts of cause and causal inference are largely self-taught from early learning experiences. A model of causation that describes causes in terms of sufficient causes and their component causes illuminates important principles such as multi-causality, the dependence of the strength of component causes on the prevalence of complementary component causes, and interaction between component causes. Philosophers agree that causal propositions cannot be proved, and find flaws or practical limitations in all philosophies of causal inference. Hence, the role of logic, belief, and observation in evaluating causal propositions is not settled. Causal inference in epidemiology is better viewed as an exercise in measurement of an effect rather than as a criterion-guided process for deciding whether an effect is present or not.
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              Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure.

              To determine, by expert consensus, a definition for early and late fetal growth restriction (FGR) through a Delphi procedure.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
                Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Ciudad de México, México )
                0443-5117
                2448-5667
                2023
                2023
                : 61
                : Suppl 3
                : S503-S509
                Affiliations
                [1] originalCentro Médico ABC, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación. Ciudad de México, México orgnameCentro Médico ABC México
                [2] originalInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro de Adiestramiento en Investigación Clínica. Ciudad de México, México orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social México
                [3] originalInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Dr. Ramón de la Fuente. Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica. Ciudad de México, México orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social México
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-7369
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1859-3866
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-7662
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-2996
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-1793
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-3201
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6987-8354
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-6785
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-7222
                Article
                10.5281/zenodo.8319834
                10756149
                37935026
                953350ec-a0d7-4186-8ace-24add665f951
                Licencia CC 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) © 2023 Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

                Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.

                History
                : 13 January 2023
                : 15 February 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50
                Categories
                Artículo De Opinión

                recopilación,limpieza,imputación,demarcación,data collection,data management,clinical epidemiology,statistics

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