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      Perspectiva de género en el estudio de la práctica de actividad física Translated title: Gender Perspective in the Study of Physical Activity Translated title: Perspectiva de gênero no estudo da atividade física

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          Abstract

          Existe amplia evidencia sobre los beneficios de la actividad física en la salud humana, no obstante, gran parte de la población mundial no la práctica acorde con las recomendaciones formuladas. Estudios epidemiológicos han mostrado que las mujeres, las personas con menor nivel socioeconómico y las de grupos étnicos reportan menos práctica de actividad física. A pesar de estas desigualdades, el papel del género en la práctica de actividad física ha sido poco explorado. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la pertinencia de acudir a la perspectiva de género en el estudio de la actividad física, teniendo como marco de referencia su pertinencia en el estudio de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Revisar aportes teóricos de algunos autores latinoamericanos afines o pertenecientes a corrientes del feminismo, que tienen relevancia en el estudio de la práctica de actividad física. Resultados: La perspectiva de género posibilita una mayor comprensión de la práctica de actividad física, porque orienta la indagación sobre aspectos poco investigados por el enfoque tradicional de su estudio, en el que esta es entendida como una responsabilidad individual, ignorando que el género, como sistema de organización social, impone relaciones desiguales de poder que inciden en la práctica de actividad física y en cualquier decisión relacionada con su salud. De esta manera, temas como el trabajo, el uso del tiempo, el cuerpo, los discursos sobre el movimiento y la belleza se tornan relevantes para comprender la actividad física como un estilo de vida.

          Translated abstract

          There is strong evidence on the benefits of physical activity on human health, however, much of the world's population does not practice it in line with the recommendations. Epidemiological studies have shown that women, people with lower socioeconomic status and ethnic groups report less physical activity. Despite these inequalities, the role of gender in physical activity has been little explored. Objective: To reflect on the relevance of gender perspective in the study of physical activity, taking its relevance as a reference in the study of health. Methodology: Review of Latin American theoretical contributions of some feminist authors, which are relevant to the study of physical activity. Results: The gender perspective enables a greater understanding of physical activity, because it guides the inquiry into aspects little investigated by the traditional approach to his study, in which physical activity is understood as an individual responsibility, ignoring that gender as a system social organization imposes unequal power relations that influence physical activity and any decision regarding to health. Thus, issues such as work, time use, the body, discourses on the movement and beauty become relevant for understanding physical activity as a lifestyle.

          Translated abstract

          Existe ampla evidência sobre os benefícios da atividade física na saúde humana, no entanto, grande parte da população mundial não pratica-a conforme com as recomendações formuladas. Estudos epidemiológicos têm mostrado que as mulheres, as pessoas com menor nível socioeconômico e de grupos étnicos, reportam menos prática de atividade física. A pesar destas desigualdades, o papel do gênero na prática de atividade física tem sido pouco explorado. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre a pertinência de acudir à perspectiva de gênero no estudo da atividade física, tendo como marco de referência sua pertinência no estudo da saúde. Materiais e métodos: Revisar aportes teóricos de alguns autores latino-americanos afins ou pertencentes a correntes do feminismo, que tem relevância no estudo da prática de atividade física. Resultados: a perspectiva de gênero possibilita uma maior compreensão da prática de atividade física porque orienta a indagação sobre aspectos pouco pesquisados pelo enfoque tradicional de seu estudo, no qual é entendida como uma responsabilidade individual, ignorando que o gênero,como sistema de organização social, impõe relações desiguais de poder que incidem na prática de atividade física e em qualquer decisão relacionada com sua saúde. Desta maneira, temas como o trabalho, o uso do tempo, o corpo, os discursos sobre o movimento e a beleza se tornam relevantes para compreender a atividade física como um estilo de vida.

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          Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health.

          Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions, have higher death rates for all 15 leading causes of death, and die nearly 7 yr younger than women. Health-related beliefs and behaviours are important contributors to these differences. Men in the United States are more likely than women to adopt beliefs and behaviours that increase their risks, and are less likely to engage in behaviours that are linked with health and longevity. In an attempt to explain these differences, this paper proposes a relational theory of men's health from a social constructionist and feminist perspective. It suggests that health-related beliefs and behaviours, like other social practices that women and men engage in, are a means for demonstrating femininities and masculinities. In examining constructions of masculinity and health within a relational context, this theory proposes that health behaviours are used in daily interactions in the social structuring of gender and power. It further proposes that the social practices that undermine men's health are often signifiers of masculinity and instruments that men use in the negotiation of social power and status. This paper explores how factors such as ethnicity, economic status, educational level, sexual orientation and social context influence the kind of masculinity that men construct and contribute to differential health risks among men in the United States. It also examines how masculinity and health are constructed in relation to femininities and to institutional structures, such as the health care system. Finally, it explores how social and institutional structures help to sustain and reproduce men's health risks and the social construction of men as the stronger sex.
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            Social environment and physical activity: a review of concepts and evidence.

            The rapidly growing and evolving literature on the social environment and its influence on health outcomes currently lacks a clear taxonomy of dimensions of the social environment and the differing mechanisms through which each influences health-related behavior. This paper identifies five dimensions of the social environment-social support and social networks, socioeconomic position and income inequality, racial discrimination, social cohesion and social capital, and neighborhood factors-and considers each in the context of physical activity to illustrate important differences between them. Increasing the specificity of terminology and methods in social environmental research on health will enable more systematic inquiry and accelerate the rate of scientific discovery in this important area.
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              Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                recis
                Revista Ciencias de la Salud
                Rev. Cienc. Salud
                Editorial Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá )
                1692-7273
                May 2015
                : 13
                : 2
                : 233-248
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S1692-72732015000200008
                10.12804/revsalud13.02.2015.08
                9315156a-186f-4897-8556-3b0a85af48bb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1692-7273&lng=en
                Categories
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Public health
                Physical activity,gender,feminism,Atividade física,gênero,feminismo,Actividad física,género y salud

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