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      Vias de formação, estabilidade e características químicas de agregados em solos sob sistemas de manejo agroecológico Translated title: Formation pathways, stability and chemical characteristics of soil aggregates in agroecological management systems

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          Abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as vias de formação de agregados biogênicos, intermediários e fisiogênicos, bem como sua estabilidade e seus atributos químicos em diferentes sistemas de manejo agroecológico. Foram escolhidas cinco áreas para coleta de amostras, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, no Município de Seropédica, RJ: SAF, sistema agroflorestal, com 10 anos de implantação; C-SOL, café a pleno sol, com 15 anos; C-SOM, café sombreado, com 15 anos; AL-FLE, aleias com flemíngia (Flemingia macrophylla), com 10 anos; e PD, sistema plantio direto, com milho e berinjela, com 6 anos. As amostras foram coletadas às profundidades de 0,00-0,05 e 0,05-0,10 m, e a fração dessas amostras retida em peneiras de 9,7 e 8,0 mm foi utilizada para identificar os diferentes tipos de agregado. Após a separação, foram avaliados a estabilidade e os atributos químicos de cada tipo. Os sistemas de manejo não produziram efeito sobre a proporção média de cada tipo de agregado, e a contribuição relativa dos agregados intermediários para a massa total de agregados foi superior à dos demais. Os sistemas C-SOL e C-SOM apresentam os maiores teores de carbono orgânico total, carbono orgânico associado aos minerais, carbono orgânico particulado, independentemente dos sistemas e das profundidades avaliadas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the formation pathways of biogenic, intermediate, and physiogenic aggregates, as well as their stability and chemical characteristics in different agroecological management systems. Five areas were chosen for sampling in Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Ultisol), in the municipality of Seropédica, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: SAF, 10-year agroforestry system; C-SOL, 15-year full-sun coffee; C-SOM, 15-year shaded coffee; AL-FLE, 10-year alleys with flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla); and PD, 6-year no-tillage system with corn and eggplant. Soil samples were collected at the 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10-m soil depths, and the fraction retained in sieves of 9.7 and 8.0 mm were used to identify the different types of aggregates. After separation, the stability and chemical characteristics of each aggregate type were evaluated. The proportion between the aggregate types was not affected by the managements systems, and the relative contribution of intermediate aggregates to the total aggregate mass was higher than that of the other ones. The C-SOL and C-SOM systems show the highest total organic carbon, organic carbon associated with minerals, and particulate organic carbon, irrespectively of the evaluated systems and depths.

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          A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics

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            Mycorrhizas and soil structure.

            In addition to their well-recognized roles in plant nutrition and communities, mycorrhizas can influence the key ecosystem process of soil aggregation. Here we review the contribution of mycorrhizas, mostly focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to soil structure at various hierarchical levels: plant community; individual root; and the soil mycelium. There are a suite of mechanisms by which mycorrhizal fungi can influence soil aggregation at each of these various scales. By extension of these mechanisms to the question of fungal diversity, it is recognized that different species or communities of fungi can promote soil aggregation to different degrees. We argue that soil aggregation should be included in a more complete 'multifunctional' perspective of mycorrhizal ecology, and that in-depth understanding of mycorrhizas/soil process relationships will require analyses emphasizing feedbacks between soil structure and mycorrhizas, rather than a uni-directional approach simply addressing mycorrhizal effects on soils. We finish the discussion by highlighting new tools, developments and foci that will probably be crucial in further understanding mycorrhizal contributions to soil structure.
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              Manual de método de análise de solo

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                September 2016
                : 51
                : 9
                : 1677-1685
                Affiliations
                [1] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Departamento de Solos Brazil celesteqrossiyahoo.com.br, gervasioufrrj.br, octavio.viorattigmail.com, anastaciaperci@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-204X2016000901677
                10.1590/s0100-204x2016000700068
                92d8d54f-2925-4c86-80cf-0c15d8cea086

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 August 2015
                : 08 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                agregados fisiogênicos,carbono orgânico total,fracionamento da matéria orgânica,qualidade do solo,sistemas agroflorestais,vias de formação de agregados,physiogenic aggregates,total organic carbon,organic matter fractioning,soil quality,agroforestry systems,aggregate formation pathways

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