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      Effect of artemisinin sustained-release algaecide on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and the underlying physiological mechanisms

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      Author(s): , , , , , , , ,
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      Journal: RSC Advances
      Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry

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          Abstract

          The aim of the study was to determine the effect of phycobiliprotein and esterase activity of Microcystis aeruginosa cells on the effect of artemisinin slow-release algaecide. We analyzed the sustained stress of artemisinin slow-release algaecide and the associated changes in density, phycobiliprotein, and esterase activity in Microcystis aeruginosa ( M. aeruginosa) and monitored changes in the physical and chemical properties of the algae during the process. The results showed that the cumulative release concentration of artemisinin sustained-release algaecide in different media was similar. When the total amount of artemisinin was kept at 5.00–5.30 mg L −1, the effect of artemisinin on algal cells and the release amount of slow-release algicides reached a dynamic balance, and the equilibrium concentration could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa. Artemisinin slow-release algaecide slowly released artemisinin and inhibited the content of phycobiliprotein in M. aeruginosa. The esterase activity recovered after 15 days and continued to increase. Artemisinin showed no harmful effect on M. aeruginosa and increased the metabolic activity of algal cells. M. aeruginosa may undergo programmed cell death, keeping the cell membrane structure intact. The use of micro-nano materials can increase the effect of allelochemicals on Microcystis aeruginosa. The slow release of allelopathic active substances from the algae inhibitor reduces the algal density of Microcystis aeruginosa cells. However, the enhanced metabolic activity of algal cells may be due to artemisinin causing PCD in Microcystis cells, keeping the cell membrane structure intact, thereby preventing algal cell rupture and release of a large amount of algal toxins.

          Abstract

          This study focuses on changes in algal density, phycobiliprotein and esterase activity of M. aeruginosa under the continuous stress of artemisinin sustained-release algaecide and the analysis of the physicochemical changes in the algae.

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          Autophagy and apoptosis: what is the connection?

          Andrew Thorburn, Jacob Gump (2011)
          The therapeutic potential of autophagy for the treatment cancer and other diseases is beset by paradoxes stemming from the complexity of the interactions between the apoptotic and autophagic machinery. The simplest question of how autophagy acts as both a protector and executioner of cell death remains the subject of substantial controversy. Elucidating the molecular interactions between the processes will help us understand how autophagy can modulate cell death, whether autophagy is truly a cell death mechanism, and how these functions are regulated. We suggest that, despite many connections between autophagy and apoptosis, a strong causal relationship wherein one process controls the other, has not been demonstrated adequately. Knowing when and how to modulate autophagy therapeutically depends on understanding these connections. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Accurate flow cytometric membrane potential measurement in bacteria using diethyloxacarbocyanine and a ratiometric technique.

            Jeffrey Shapiro, N Perlmutter, Edmund Hunt … (1999)
            Membrane potential (MP) plays a critical role in bacterial physiology. Existing methods for MP estimation by flow cytometry are neither accurate nor precise, due in part to the heterogeneity of size of the particles analyzed. The ratio of a size- and MP-sensitive measurement, and an MP-independent, size-sensitive measurement, should provide a better estimate of MP. Flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry were used to detect red (488 --> 600 nm) fluorescence associated with aggregates of diethyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC2(3)), which, in the monomeric state, is normally green (488 --> 530 nm) fluorescent. In bacteria incubated with 30 microM dye, aggregate formation increases with the magnitude of the interior-negative membrane potential. Green fluorescence from stained bacteria predominantly reflects particle size, and is relatively independent of MP, whereas red fluorescence is highly dependent on both MP and size. The ratio of red to green fluorescence provides a measure of MP that is largely independent of cell size, with a low coefficient of variation (CV). Calibration with valinomycin and potassium demonstrates that the method is accurate over the range from -50 mV through -120 mV; it also accurately tracks reversible reductions in MP produced by incubation at 4 degrees C and washing in glucose-free medium. The ratiometric technique for MP estimation using DiOC2(3) is substantially more accurate and precise than those previously available, and may be useful in studies of bacterial physiology and in investigations of the effects of antibiotics and other agents on microorganisms.
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              Study on the mechanism of allelopathic influence on cyanobacteria and chlorophytes by submerged macrophyte (Myriophyllum spicatum) and its secretion.

              Junying Zhu, Biyun Liu, Jing WANG … (2010)
              For revealing the mechanism of allelopathic influence on phytoplankton by aquatic macrophytes, the growth and photosynthetic activities of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated when they coexisted with submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum and were exposed to allelopathic polyphenols: pyrogallic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA) and (+)-catechin (CA). According to the results of coexistence assays, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and effective quantum efficiency (YII) of M. aeruginosa were affected earlier and more rapidly than the cell density. However, the influence of M. spicatum on S. capricornutum was not found. When the Toxicity Index (TI) was applied to evaluate the combined effects of binary and multiple mixtures of polyphenols, it was found that the four tested polyphenols with the proportion identified in the M. spicatum-cultured solution were observed to present synergistic effect (0.36-0.49) according to the cell density, NPQ and YII of M. aeruginosa. With the combined effects of polyphenols on S. capricornutum, only additive action (0.52-1.62) was found. On the other hand, PA (2.97mgL(-1)), GA (2.65mgL(-1)) caused significant reductions of photosystem II (PSII) and whole electron transport chain activities of M. aeruginosa by 71.43 and 18.37%, 70.95 and 40.77% (P<0.05), respectively, after 24-h exposure, but no inhibition effect was found in S. capricornutum. The dark respiration and photosystem I (PSI) activities of M. aeruginosa were significantly increased by exposure to PA and GA (P<0.05). Nevertheless, EA and CA had no influence on the electron transport activities of the tested organisms. These results indicate that the reduction in photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa and the synergistic effect of allelochemicals may be two important causes for the inhibition of undesired phytoplankton by submersed macrophytes in natural aquatic ecosystems, and PSII in cyanobacteria is considered to be one of the target sites attacked by allelopathic polyphenols.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): RSC Adv
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): RSC Adv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RA
                Journal ID (coden): RSCACL
                Title: RSC Advances
                Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
                ISSN (Electronic): 2046-2069
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 30 May 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 23 May 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 May 2022
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 25
                Pages: 16094-16104
                Affiliations
                [a] Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China nilixiao@ 123456hhu.edu.cn
                [b] Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Suzhou Co., Ltd Suzhou 215000 China
                [c] School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 China
                [d] College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University 1 Xikang Road Nanjing 210098 China
                [e] Cyanobacteria Management Office Wuxi 214071 China
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-1223
                Article
                Publisher ID: d2ra00065b
                DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00065b
                PMC ID: 9150219
                PubMed ID: 35733687
                SO-VID: 91eb799a-5617-4a87-84e2-e0ded5c5b20d
                Copyright © This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry
                History
                Date received : 5 January 2022
                Date accepted : 3 April 2022
                Page count
                Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 51579073
                Award ID: 51779079
                Award ID: 51979137
                Funded by: Hohai University, doi 10.13039/501100009012;
                Award ID: IRT13061
                Funded by: Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, doi 10.13039/501100012246;
                Award ID: Unassigned
                Categories
                Subject: Chemistry
                Custom metadata
                pubstatus Paginated Article

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