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      High-Q microresonators on 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform for nonlinear photonics

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          Abstract

          The realization of high-quality (Q) resonators regardless of the underpinning material platforms has been a ceaseless pursuit, because the high-Q resonators provide an extreme environment for confining light to enable observations of many nonlinear optical phenomenon with high efficiencies. Here, photonic microresonators with a mean Q factor of 6.75 × 10 6 were demonstrated on a 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator (4H-SiCOI) platform, as determined by a statistical analysis of tens of resonances. Using these devices, broadband frequency conversions, including second-, third-, and fourth-harmonic generations have been observed. Cascaded Raman lasing has also been demonstrated in our SiC microresonator for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Meanwhile, by engineering the dispersion properties of the SiC microresonator, we have achieved broadband Kerr frequency combs covering from 1300 to 1700 nm. Our demonstration represents a significant milestone in the development of SiC photonic integrated devices.

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          Most cited references46

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          Temporal solitons in optical microresonators

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            Optical microcavities.

            Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. For example, microcavities made of active III-V semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable long-distance transmission of data over optical fibres; they also ensure narrow spot-size laser read/write beams in CD and DVD players. In quantum optical devices, microcavities can coax atoms or quantum dots to emit spontaneous photons in a desired direction or can provide an environment where dissipative mechanisms such as spontaneous emission are overcome so that quantum entanglement of radiation and matter is possible. Applications of these remarkable devices are as diverse as their geometrical and resonant properties.
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              Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator.

              Over the past decade, strong interactions of light and matter at the single-photon level have enabled a wide set of scientific advances in quantum optics and quantum information science. This work has been performed principally within the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics with diverse physical systems, including single atoms in Fabry-Perot resonators, quantum dots coupled to micropillars and photonic bandgap cavities and Cooper pairs interacting with superconducting resonators. Experiments with single, localized atoms have been at the forefront of these advances with the use of optical resonators in high-finesse Fabry-Perot configurations. As a result of the extreme technical challenges involved in further improving the multilayer dielectric mirror coatings of these resonators and in scaling to large numbers of devices, there has been increased interest in the development of alternative microcavity systems. Here we show strong coupling between individual caesium atoms and the fields of a high-quality toroidal microresonator. From observations of transit events for single atoms falling through the resonator's evanescent field, we determine the coherent coupling rate for interactions near the surface of the resonator. We develop a theoretical model to quantify our observations, demonstrating that strong coupling is achieved, with the rate of coherent coupling exceeding the dissipative rates of the atom and the cavity. Our work opens the way for investigations of optical processes with single atoms and photons in lithographically fabricated microresonators. Applications include the implementation of quantum networks, scalable quantum logic with photons, and quantum information processing on atom chips.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jiaxiang.zhang@mail.sim.ac.cn
                ya.cheng@siom.ac.cn
                ouxin@mail.sim.ac.cn
                Journal
                Light Sci Appl
                Light Sci Appl
                Light, Science & Applications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2095-5545
                2047-7538
                5 July 2021
                5 July 2021
                2021
                : 10
                : 139
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; 200050 Shanghai, China
                [2 ]GRID grid.410726.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1797 8419, The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; 100049 Beijing, China
                [3 ]GRID grid.22069.3f, ISNI 0000 0004 0369 6365, The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, , East China Normal University, ; 200241 Shanghai, China
                [4 ]GRID grid.9227.e, ISNI 0000000119573309, State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, , Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; 201800 Shanghai, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-5907
                Article
                584
                10.1038/s41377-021-00584-9
                8257887
                34226498
                9120d7aa-7688-4e99-854b-48d643b1a0a8
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 17 May 2021
                : 23 June 2021
                : 24 June 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFE0131300, 2019YFA0705000),Frontier Science Key Program of CAS (No. QYZDY-SSW-JSC032), Chinese-Austrian Cooperative R&D Project (No.GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (19XD1404600), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1456200, 19YF1456400), K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2019-11).
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China);
                Award ID: No. U1732268, 61874128, 61851406, 11705262, 11905282, 12004116, 12074400 and 11734009
                Award ID: 12004116, 12074400 and 11734009
                Award ID: 12004116, 12074400 and 11734009
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Key RD Program of China (2017YFE0131300, 2019YFA0705000)
                Funded by: Frontier Science Key Program of CAS (No. QYZDY-SSW-JSC032), Chinese-Austrian Cooperative RD Project (No.GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (19XD1404600)
                Funded by: Chinese-Austrian Cooperative RD Project (No.GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (19XD1404600), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1456200, 19YF1456400), K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2019-11).
                Funded by: Chinese-Austrian Cooperative R&D Project (No.GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (19XD1404600), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1456200, 19YF1456400), K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2019-11).
                Funded by: Chinese-Austrian Cooperative R&D Project (No.GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (19XD1404600), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1456200, 19YF1456400), K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2019-11).
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                © The Author(s) 2021

                microresonators,high-harmonic generation,nonlinear optics,frequency combs

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