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      Fatty acid profiles and their distribution patterns in microalgae: a comprehensive analysis of more than 2000 strains from the SAG culture collection

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      1 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 1 ,
      BMC Plant Biology
      BioMed Central

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          Abstract

          Background

          Among the various biochemical markers, fatty acids or lipid profiles represent a chemically relatively inert class of compounds that is easy to isolate from biological material. Fatty acid (FA) profiles are considered as chemotaxonomic markers to define groups of various taxonomic ranks in flowering plants, trees and other embryophytes.

          Results

          The fatty acid profiles of 2076 microalgal strains from the culture collection of algae of Göttingen University (SAG) were determined in the stationary phase. Overall 76 different fatty acids and 10 other lipophilic substances were identified and quantified. The obtained FA profiles were added into a database providing information about fatty acid composition. Using this database we tested whether FA profiles are suitable as chemotaxonomic markers. FA distribution patterns were found to reflect phylogenetic relationships at the level of phyla and classes. In contrast, at lower taxonomic levels, e.g. between closely related species and even among multiple isolates of the same species, FA contents may be rather variable.

          Conclusion

          FA distribution patterns are suitable chemotaxonomic markers to define taxa of higher rank in algae. However, due to their extensive variation at the species level it is difficult to make predictions about the FA profile in a novel isolate.

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          Most cited references30

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          Plastid evolution.

          The ancestors of modern cyanobacteria invented O(2)-generating photosynthesis some 3.6 billion years ago. The conversion of water and CO(2) into energy-rich sugars and O(2) slowly transformed the planet, eventually creating the biosphere as we know it today. Eukaryotes didn't invent photosynthesis; they co-opted it from prokaryotes by engulfing and stably integrating a photoautotrophic prokaryote in a process known as primary endosymbiosis. After approximately a billion of years of coevolution, the eukaryotic host and its endosymbiont have achieved an extraordinary level of integration and have spawned a bewildering array of primary producers that now underpin life on land and in the water. No partnership has been more important to life on earth. Secondary endosymbioses have created additional autotrophic eukaryotic lineages that include key organisms in the marine environment. Some of these organisms have subsequently reverted to heterotrophic lifestyles, becoming significant pathogens, microscopic predators, and consumers. We review the origins, integration, and functions of the different plastid types with special emphasis on their biochemical abilities, transfer of genes to the host, and the back supply of proteins to the endosymbiont.
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            Green algae and the origin of land plants.

            Over the past two decades, molecular phylogenetic data have allowed evaluations of hypotheses on the evolution of green algae based on vegetative morphological and ultrastructural characters. Higher taxa are now generally recognized on the basis of ultrastructural characters. Molecular analyses have mostly employed primarily nuclear small subunit rDNA (18S) and plastid rbcL data, as well as data on intron gain, complete genome sequencing, and mitochondrial sequences. Molecular-based revisions of classification at nearly all levels have occurred, from dismemberment of long-established genera and families into multiple classes, to the circumscription of two major lineages within the green algae. One lineage, the chlorophyte algae or Chlorophyta sensu stricto, comprises most of what are commonly called green algae and includes most members of the grade of putatively ancestral scaly flagellates in Prasinophyceae plus members of Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. The other lineage (charophyte algae and embryophyte land plants), comprises at least five monophyletic groups of green algae, plus embryophytes. A recent multigene analysis corroborates a close relationship between Mesostigma (formerly in the Prasinophyceae) and the charophyte algae, although sequence data of the Mesostigma mitochondrial genome analysis places the genus as sister to charophyte and chlorophyte algae. These studies also support Charales as sister to land plants. The reorganization of taxa stimulated by molecular analyses is expected to continue as more data accumulate and new taxa and habitats are sampled.
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              Microalgal biomarkers: A review of recent research developments

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biology
                BioMed Central
                1471-2229
                2011
                6 September 2011
                : 11
                : 124
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
                [2 ]Cyano-Biofuels GmbH, Magnussstrasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
                [3 ]Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae in Göttingen (EPSAG), Göttingen, Germany
                Article
                1471-2229-11-124
                10.1186/1471-2229-11-124
                3175173
                21896160
                9097b9d4-800d-4027-bb10-6cba71878094
                Copyright ©2011 Lang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 6 May 2011
                : 6 September 2011
                Categories
                Research Article

                Plant science & Botany
                Plant science & Botany

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