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      Five-factor model personality traits, exclusive breastfeeding, and self-efficacy: a mediational analysis

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          Abstract

          Background

          Despite the World Health Organization’s (WHO) emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding, the documents show a declining trend worldwide. Studies assert that the mother’s personality traits appear to have an impact on this issue. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of personality traits on exclusive breastfeeding, which might be channeled by self-efficacy as a mediator variable.

          Methods

          Data were analyzed from the cross-sectional study. The exclusive breastfeeding scale, the breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire, and the Five-Factor Model questionnaire (as follows: neuroticism, extraversion, openness experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) were completed by120 Iranian volunteer mothers with an infant aged 6–12 months referred to health centers in Shiraz (a major city in southern Iran) between May to December 2019. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to obtain the direct and indirect effects of personality traits and self-efficacy on exclusive breastfeeding.

          Results

          The study showed the significant direct effect of some personality traits (agreeableness, extraversion, and consciousness) and self-efficacy on exclusive breastfeeding. The indirect effect of extraversion on exclusive breastfeeding through self-efficacy was also obtained from the result of SEM analysis. The model fit the data satisfactorily, according to the fit indices criteria extracted from the mediational analysis.

          Conclusions

          Self-efficacy appears to be a significant predictor of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding could be enhanced by safe education in pregnancy, reinforcing the self-efficacy of pregnant women and considering their personality traits.

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          Most cited references30

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          Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect.

          Cesar Victora, Rajiv Bahl, Aluísio Barros … (2016)
          The importance of breastfeeding in low-income and middle-income countries is well recognised, but less consensus exists about its importance in high-income countries. In low-income and middle-income countries, only 37% of children younger than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. With few exceptions, breastfeeding duration is shorter in high-income countries than in those that are resource-poor. Our meta-analyses indicate protection against child infections and malocclusion, increases in intelligence, and probable reductions in overweight and diabetes. We did not find associations with allergic disorders such as asthma or with blood pressure or cholesterol, and we noted an increase in tooth decay with longer periods of breastfeeding. For nursing women, breastfeeding gave protection against breast cancer and it improved birth spacing, and it might also protect against ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes. The scaling up of breastfeeding to a near universal level could prevent 823,000 annual deaths in children younger than 5 years and 20,000 annual deaths from breast cancer. Recent epidemiological and biological findings from during the past decade expand on the known benefits of breastfeeding for women and children, whether they are rich or poor.
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            Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?

            Nigel Rollins, Nita Bhandari, Nemat Hajeebhoy … (2016)
            Despite its established benefits, breastfeeding is no longer a norm in many communities. Multifactorial determinants of breastfeeding need supportive measures at many levels, from legal and policy directives to social attitudes and values, women's work and employment conditions, and health-care services to enable women to breastfeed. When relevant interventions are delivered adequately, breastfeeding practices are responsive and can improve rapidly. The best outcomes are achieved when interventions are implemented concurrently through several channels. The marketing of breastmilk substitutes negatively affects breastfeeding: global sales in 2014 of US$44·8 billion show the industry's large, competitive claim on infant feeding. Not breastfeeding is associated with lower intelligence and economic losses of about $302 billion annually or 0·49% of world gross national income. Breastfeeding provides short-term and long-term health and economic and environmental advantages to children, women, and society. To realise these gains, political support and financial investment are needed to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding.
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              Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.

              Robert McCrae, Paul Costa (1987)
              Article 0 comments Cited 288 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marziyeh Doostfatemeh: m.fatemi82@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                Title: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2393
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 April 2024
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 April 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 24
                Electronic Location Identifier: 279
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412571.4, ISNI 0000 0000 8819 4698, Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ; Shiraz, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Midwifery, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ( https://ror.org/02558wk32) Behbahan, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01n3s4692) Shiraz, Iran
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6494
                DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06494-z
                PMC ID: 11022404
                PubMed ID: 38627657
                SO-VID: 90867f27-37c1-473c-a29b-f5d6591fa766
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2024
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 12 October 2023
                Date accepted : 8 April 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: breastfeeding,self-efficacy,personality traits
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: breastfeeding, self-efficacy, personality traits

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