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      Multispectral scanning time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) technique for intravascular diagnosis

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          Abstract

          This study describes a scanning time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) system designed to continuously acquire fluorescence emission and to reconstruct fluorescence lifetime images (FLIM) from a luminal surface by using a catheter-based optical probe with rotary joint and pull-back device. The ability of the system to temporally and spectrally resolve the fluorescence emission from tissue was validated using standard dyes and tissue phantoms (e.g., ex vivo pig aorta phantom). Current results demonstrate that this system is capable to reliably resolve the fluorescence emission of multiple fluorophores located in the lumen; and suggest its potential for intravascular detection of distinct biochemical features of atherosclerotic plaques.

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          Most cited references21

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          Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging.

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            Solvent effects on emission yield and lifetime for coumarin laser dyes. Requirements for a rotatory decay mechanism

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              Fluorescence lifetime standards for time and frequency domain fluorescence spectroscopy.

              A series of fluorophores with single-exponential fluorescence decays in liquid solution at 20 degrees C were measured independently by nine laboratories using single-photon timing and multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry instruments with lasers as excitation source. The dyes that can serve as fluorescence lifetime standards for time-domain and frequency-domain measurements are all commercially available, are photostable under the conditions of the measurements, and are soluble in solvents of spectroscopic quality (methanol, cyclohexane, water). These lifetime standards are anthracene, 9-cyanoanthracene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, N-methylcarbazole, coumarin 153, erythrosin B, N-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide, 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene, 2,5-diphenyloxazole, rhodamine B, rubrene, N-(3-sulfopropyl)acridinium, and 1,4-diphenylbenzene. At 20 degrees C, the fluorescence lifetimes vary from 89 ps to 31.2 ns, depending on fluorescent dye and solvent, which is a useful range for modern pico- and nanosecond time-domain or mega- to gigahertz frequency-domain instrumentation. The decay times are independent of the excitation and emission wavelengths. Dependent on the structure of the dye and the solvent, the excitation wavelengths used range from 284 to 575 nm, the emission from 330 to 630 nm. These lifetime standards may be used to either calibrate or test the resolution of time- and frequency-domain instrumentation or as reference compounds to eliminate the color effect in photomultiplier tubes. Statistical analyses by means of two-sample charts indicate that there is no laboratory bias in the lifetime determinations. Moreover, statistical tests show that there is an excellent correlation between the lifetimes estimated by the time-domain and frequency-domain fluorometries. Comprehensive tables compiling the results for 20 (fluorescence lifetime standard/solvent) combinations are given.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Opt Express
                Biomed Opt Express
                BOE
                Biomedical Optics Express
                Optical Society of America
                2156-7085
                06 June 2012
                01 July 2012
                06 June 2012
                : 3
                : 7
                : 1521-1533
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                166495
                10.1364/BOE.3.001521
                3395478
                22808425
                9068edb7-0db0-4f3f-9102-03298e8eed0b
                ©2012 Optical Society of America

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License, which permits download and redistribution, provided that the original work is properly cited. This license restricts the article from being modified or used commercially.

                History
                : 13 April 2012
                : 25 May 2012
                : 25 May 2012
                Funding
                Funded by: NIH
                Award ID: R01HL067377
                Categories
                Spectroscopic Diagnostics
                Custom metadata
                True
                0

                Vision sciences
                (170.6935) tissue characterization,(300.6500) spectroscopy, time-resolved,(110.7170) ultrasound,(170.6510) spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics

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