The markers of the predictive DNA test for canine hip dysplasia may have a stronger relationship with elbow dysplasia

Abstract

Canine hip and elbow dysplasias, which are prevalent orthopedic conditions rooted in developmental and hereditary factors are yet to be comprehensively assessed. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the prognostic significance of five markers linked to canine hip dysplasia using available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. The influence of these markers on both hip and elbow dysplasia was examined in dogs exposed to standardized environmental conditions. We made a groundbreaking discovery using custom primers, qPCR assays, and evaluation of fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. Three specific SNPs previously associated with the risk of canine hip dysplasia demonstrated a potentially stronger correlation with elbow dysplasia. Notably, the SNP at nucleotide position 22691322, located near the canine CHST3 gene, displayed significance as a marker in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Surprisingly, none of the initially targeted SNPs showed a direct association with hip dysplasia. The genomic positions of these SNPs reside within a region conserved across mammals. In silico analyses suggested that the relevant variant might be positioned in a region linked to bone and muscle structures. Our findings revealed a remarkable relationship between SNP2 genotypes and methylation patterns, shedding light on the underlying mechanism that partially explains the genotype-phenotype correlation in canine CHST3. These groundbreaking findings offer essential insights for future, more extensive investigations into canine orthopedic health. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of the molecular foundations of hip and elbow dysplasia in dogs by charting a course for advancements in veterinary medicine and the overall well-being of canine companions.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  A very unique and uniform cohort was created.

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  Markers of canine hip dysplasia might also contribute to the onset of elbow dysplasia.

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  A locus of significance and two loci with suggestive associations were determined.

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  The CHST3 variant is located within a potential region associated with bone and muscle structure.

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  A prominent association between CHST3 genotypes and methylation patterns was demonstrated.