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      Effect of Glass Fiber Post Adaptation on Push-Out Bond Strength to Root Dentin

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          Abstract

          Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glass fiber posts (GFPs) diameters on the push-out bond strength to dentin. Forty unirradicular human teeth were endodontically treated and used for cementation of GFPs (White Post DC, FGM) with different diameters (n=10): P1 - ø 1.6 mm coronal x 0.85 mm apical; P2 - ø 1.8 mm coronal x 1.05 mm apical; P5 - ø 1.4 mm coronal x 0.65 mm apical; and PC - customized post number 0.5 with composite resin (Tetric Ceram A2, Ivoclair Vivadent). All GFPs were cemented into the root canal using a dual-curing luting composite (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent). One slice (1.7 mm) of each root third of cemented GFP (cervical, middle, and apical) was submitted to push-out testing. Failure modes of all specimens were classified as: adhesive failure between resin cement and post; adhesive failure between dentin and resin cement; cohesive failure within resin cement, post or dentin; and mixed failure. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). The highest bond strength values were presented for the P2 and PC groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the GFP thirds in each group. The groups P2, P5, and PC showed predominantly adhesive failure. For P1, the most prevalent type of failure was adhesive between resin cement and post. It may be concluded that a glass fiber post that is well adapted to the root canal presents higher bond strength values, regardless of GFP third.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes diâmetros de pinos de fibra de vidro (PFVs) na resistência de união à dentina. Quarenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram tratados endodonticamente e utilizados para cimentação de PFVs (White Post DC, FGM) com diferentes diâmetros (n=10): P1 - ø 1,6 mm coronal x 0,85 mm apical; P2 - ø 1,8 mm coronal x 1,05 mm apical; P5 - ø 1,4 mm coronal x 0,65 mm apical; e PC - pino número 0,5 individualizado com resina composta (Tetric Ceram A2, Ivoclair Vivadent). Todos os PFVs foram cimentados no canal radicular usando cimento resinoso dual (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent). As raízes foram seccionadas em três secções (cervical, média e apical) e submetidas ao teste push-out. Os modos de falha de todos os espécimes foram classificados em falha adesiva entre o cimento resinoso e pino, falha adesiva entre dentina e cimento resinoso, falha coesiva no cimento resinoso, pino ou dentina e falha mista. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA two-way e teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Os maiores valores de resistência da união foram apresentados para os grupos P2 e PC. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os terços dos PFVs cimentados na raiz para cada grupo. Os grupos P2, P5 e PC apresentaram predominantemente falha adesiva entre a dentina e o cimento resinoso. Para o grupo P1, o tipo de falha mais prevalente foi a adesiva entre cimento resinoso e pino. Pode-se concluir que o pino de fibra de vidro bem adaptado ao canal radicular apresentou os maiores valores de resistência da união, independentemente do terço dos PFVs.

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          Most cited references24

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          The adhesion between fiber posts and root canal walls: comparison between microtensile and push-out bond strength measurements.

          Aim of the study was to compare the trimming and non-trimming variants of the microtensile technique with the 'micro' push-out test in the ability to measure accurately the bond strength of fiber posts luted inside root canals. In 15 endodontically treated teeth (Group A), fiber posts were cemented with Excite DSC in combination with Variolink II (Ivoclar-Vivadent). In 15 roots RelyX Unicem (3M-ESPE) was used for fiber post luting (Group B). Within each group, the bond strength of cemented fiber posts was assessed with the trimming and non-trimming microtensile technique, as well as with the push-out test. The great number of premature failures (16.9% in Group A, 27.5% in Group B) and the finding of high standard deviation values make questionable the reliability of the trimming microtensile technique. With the non-trimming microtensile technique, only five sticks were obtained from a total of six roots. The remaining specimens failed prematurely during the cutting phase. With the push-out test no premature failure occurred, the variability of the data distribution was acceptable, and regional differences in bond strength among root levels could be assessed. Relatively low values of bond strength were, in general, recorded for luted fiber posts. In conclusion, when measuring the bond strength of luted fiber posts, the push-out test appears to be more dependable than the microtensile technique.
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            The Role of Resin Cement on Bond Strength of Glass-fiber Posts Luted Into Root Canals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ofIn VitroStudies

            Because there are several ways to cement glass-fiber posts (GFPs) into root canals, there is no consensus on the best strategy to achieve high bond strengths. A systematic review was conducted to determine if there is difference in bond strength to dentin between regular and self-adhesive resin cements and to verify the influence of several variables on the retention of GFPs. This report followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. In vitro studies that investigated the bond strength of GFPs luted with self-adhesive and regular resin cements were selected. Searches were carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. No publication year or language limit was used, and the last search was done in October 2012. A global comparison was performed between self-adhesive and regular resin cements. Two subgroup analyses were performed: 1) Self-adhesive × Regular resin cement + Etch-and-rinse adhesive and 2) Self-adhesive × Regular resin cement + Self-etch adhesive. The analyses were carried out using fixed-effect and random-effects models. The results showed heterogeneity in all comparisons, and higher bond strength to dentin was identified for self-adhesive cements. Although the articles included in this meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias, the in vitro literature seems to suggest that use of self-adhesive resin cement could improve the retention of GFPs into root canals.
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              Adhesive dentistry and endodontics. Part 2: bonding in the root canal system-the promise and the problems: a review.

              One of the recent trends in endodontics has been the development of bonded obturating materials, in an effort to provide a more effective seal coronally and apically. Materials utilizing dentin adhesive technology have been borrowed from restorative dentistry and adapted to obturating materials. This review discusses the obstacles to effective bonding in the root canal system, the progress that has been made, and possible strategies for improved materials in the future. Much of the literature reviewed and many of the principles discussed are taken from the restorative dentistry literature and applied to the unique environment of the root canal system.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bdj
                Brazilian Dental Journal
                Braz. Dent. J.
                Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                0103-6440
                1806-4760
                July 2019
                : 30
                : 4
                : 350-355
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameFaculdade de Odontologia São Leopoldo Mandic orgdiv1School of Dentistry orgdiv2Department of Prosthodontics Brazil
                [2] Araras São Paulo orgnameCentro Universitário Hermínio Ometto orgdiv1School of Dentistry orgdiv2Department of Operative Dentistry Brazil
                [3] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de Santo Amaro orgdiv1School of Dentistry orgdiv2Department of Implantology Brazil
                Article
                S0103-64402019000400350
                10.1590/0103-6440201902491
                31340224
                900158fd-fb9c-453f-92aa-3150d9ba54a3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2019
                : 05 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                film thickness,adhesion,resin composite cements
                film thickness, adhesion, resin composite cements

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