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      The Use of Music Playlists for People with Dementia: A Critical Synthesis

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          Abstract

          The use of pre-recorded music to ease behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia is popular in health-care contexts in both formal music therapy settings and in non-therapist led interventions. However, further understanding of how non-therapist led interventions compare to therapist led interventions is needed. This paper reviews 28 studies that used pre-recorded music with people with dementia using a critical interpretive synthesis model. Results revealed that pre-recorded music can be effective in reducing a variety of affective and behavioral symptoms, in particular agitation, even where a trained music therapist is not present. However, the results are not universally positive, suggesting the need for further clarification of protocols for music use and closer investigation of variables that influence individual responseto music.

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          Cognitive, emotional, and social benefits of regular musical activities in early dementia: randomized controlled study.

          Pekka Rantanen, Jura Numminen, Mari Tervaniemi … (2014)
          During aging, musical activities can help maintain physical and mental health and cognitive abilities, but their rehabilitative use has not been systematically explored in persons with dementia (PWDs). Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a novel music intervention based on coaching the caregivers of PWDs to use either singing or music listening regularly as a part of everyday care. Eighty-nine PWD-caregiver dyads were randomized to a 10-week singing coaching group (n = 30), a 10-week music listening coaching group (n = 29), or a usual care control group (n = 30). The coaching sessions consisted primarily of singing/listening familiar songs coupled occasionally with vocal exercises and rhythmic movements (singing group) and reminiscence and discussions (music listening group). In addition, the intervention included regular musical exercises at home. All PWDs underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment, which included cognitive tests, as well as mood and quality of life (QOL) scales, before and after the intervention period and 6 months later. In addition, the psychological well-being of family members was repeatedly assessed with questionnaires. Compared with usual care, both singing and music listening improved mood, orientation, and remote episodic memory and to a lesser extent, also attention and executive function and general cognition. Singing also enhanced short-term and working memory and caregiver well-being, whereas music listening had a positive effect on QOL. Regular musical leisure activities can have long-term cognitive, emotional, and social benefits in mild/moderate dementia and could therefore be utilized in dementia care and rehabilitation. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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            Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alzheimer’s Type Dementia: Randomised, Controlled Study

            S Guétin, F Portet, M.C. Picot … (2009)
            Background/Aims: Numerous studies have indicated the value of music therapy in the management of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A recent pilot study demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of a new music therapy technique. The aim of this controlled, randomised study was to assess the effects of this new music therapy technique on anxiety and depression in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. Methods: This was a single-centre, comparative, controlled, randomised study, with blinded assessment of its results. The duration of follow-up was 24 weeks. The treated group (n = 15) participated in weekly sessions of individual, receptive music therapy. The musical style of the session was chosen by the patient. The validated ‘U’ technique was employed. The control group (n = 15) participated under the same conditions in reading sessions. The principal endpoint, measured at weeks 1, 4, 8, 16 and 24, was the level of anxiety (Hamilton Scale). Changes in the depression score (Geriatric Depression Scale) were also analyzed as a secondary endpoint. Results: Significant improvements in anxiety (p < 0.01) and depression (p < 0.01) were observed in the music therapy group as from week 4 and until week 16. The effect of music therapy was sustained for up to 8 weeks after the discontinuation of sessions between weeks 16 and 24 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results confirm the valuable effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. This new music therapy technique is simple to implement and can easily be integrated in a multidisciplinary programme for the management of Alzheimer’s disease.
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              Music therapy in dementia: a narrative synthesis systematic review.

              Orii McDermott, Nadia E. Crellin, Hanne Ridder … (2013)
              Recent reviews on music therapy for people with dementia have been limited to attempting to evaluate whether it is effective, but there is a need for a critical assessment of the literature to provide insight into the possible mechanisms of actions of music therapy. This systematic review uses a narrative synthesis format to determine evidence for effectiveness and provide insight into a model of action. The narrative synthesis framework consists of four elements: (i) theory development; (ii) preliminary synthesis of findings; (iii) exploration of relationships between studies; and (iv) assessment of the robustness of the synthesis. Electronic and hand searches identified 263 potentially relevant studies. Eighteen studies met the full inclusion criteria. Three distinctive strands of investigations emerged: eight studies explored behavioural and psychological aspects, five studies investigated hormonal and physiological changes, and five studies focused on social and relational aspects of music therapy. The musical interventions in the studies were diverse, but singing featured as an important medium for change. Evidence for short-term improvement in mood and reduction in behavioural disturbance was consistent, but there were no high-quality longitudinal studies that demonstrated long-term benefits of music therapy. Future music therapy studies need to define a theoretical model, include better-focused outcome measures, and discuss how the findings may improve the well-being of people with dementia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Alzheimers Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Alzheimers Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JAD
                Title: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
                Publisher: IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )
                ISSN (Print): 1387-2877
                ISSN (Electronic): 1875-8908
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 3 October 2017
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2017
                Volume: 60
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 1129-1142
                Affiliations
                [a ]MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [b ] Western Sydney University , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [c ] Arts Health Institute , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Dr. Sandra Garrido, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia. Tel.: +61 9772 6585; E-mail: s.garrido@ 123456westernsydney.edu.au .
                Article
                Publisher ID: JAD170612
                DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170612
                PMC ID: 5682575
                PubMed ID: 28984606
                SO-VID: 8fa65dc6-1fdd-43cd-8f24-032c93efa6bc
                Copyright © © 2017 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License , which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 6 August 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: alzheimer’s disease,critical synthesis,dementia,music,music interventions,music therapy,review
                Data availability:
                Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, critical synthesis, dementia, music, music interventions, music therapy, review

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