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      Draft Genome Sequences of the Two Unrelated Macrolide-Resistant Corynebacterium argentoratense Strains CNM 463/05 and CNM 601/08, Isolated from Patients in the University Hospital of León, Spain

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          Abstract

          Corynebacterium argentoratense has been associated mainly with infections in the human respiratory tract. Genome sequencing of two unrelated clinical macrolide-resistant strains, CNM 463/05 and CNM 601/08, revealed the presence of the antibiotic resistance gene erm(X) allocated to a specific genomic region with 100% similarity to the widely distributed transposable element Tn 5432.

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          ARDB—Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database

          Bo Liu, Mihai Pop (2009)
          The treatment of infections is increasingly compromised by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics through mutations or through the acquisition of resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance genes also have the potential to be used for bio-terror purposes through genetically modified organisms. In order to facilitate the identification and characterization of these genes, we have created a manually curated database—the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB)—unifying most of the publicly available information on antibiotic resistance. Each gene and resistance type is annotated with rich information, including resistance profile, mechanism of action, ontology, COG and CDD annotations, as well as external links to sequence and protein databases. Our database also supports sequence similarity searches and implements an initial version of a tool for characterizing common mutations that confer antibiotic resistance. The information we provide can be used as compendium of antibiotic resistance factors as well as to identify the resistance genes of newly sequenced genes, genomes, or metagenomes. Currently, ARDB contains resistance information for 13 293 genes, 377 types, 257 antibiotics, 632 genomes, 933 species and 124 genera. ARDB is available at http://ardb.cbcb.umd.edu/.
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            The 51,409-bp R-plasmid pTP10 from the multiresistant clinical isolate Corynebacterium striatum M82B is composed of DNA segments initially identified in soil bacteria and in plant, animal, and human pathogens.

            A Tauch, S Krieft, J Kalinowski … (2000)
            The 51,409-bp DNA sequence of the multiresistance plasmid pTP10 from the gram-positive opportunistic human pathogen Corynebacterium striatum M82B has been determined. Fully automated genome interpretation led to the identification of 47 ORFs. Analysis of the genetic organization of pTP10 suggests that the plasmid is composed of eight DNA segments, the boundaries of which are represented by transposons and insertion sequences. The DNA segments of pTP10 are highly similar to (1) a plasmid-encoded erythromycin resistance region from the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae; (2) a chromosomal DNA region from Mycobacterium tuberculosis; (3) a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol resistance region from the soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum; (4) transposable elements from phytopathogenic gram-negative Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Erwinia species; and (5) a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside resistance region from the gram-negative fish pathogen Pasteurella piscicida. The complete DNA sequence of pTP10 provides genetic information regarding the mechanisms of resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents that belong to six structural classes. In addition, the mosaic structure of pTP10 represents the evolutionary consolidation into a single plasmid molecule of antimicrobial resistances from microorganisms found in different habitats by means of mobile elements, resulting in the generation of a multiresistant bacterium that can infect humans.
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              Characterization of mucosal biofilms on human adenoid tissues.

              J Grote, Guido V Bloemberg, R J Kania … (2007)
              To demonstrate the presence of mucosal biofilm in adenoid tissue using double staining for visualization of both the bacterial matrix and the bacterial cells. To identify bacterial species present on the surface of the studied adenoids. Prospective study. A total of 39 specimens of adenoidectomy were removed from children with chronic and/or recurrent otitis media. The specimens were prepared for light microscopy using Gram staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Double staining was performed with CLSM to visualize both the bacteria and the glycocalyx matrix. Nine adenoids on which bacterial biofilms were visualized with CLSM were used for identification of bacterial species by 16S-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and homology analysis. Of the 39 adenoids investigated, 22 (54%) showed evidence of mucosal biofilms. Gram staining, SEM and CLSM showed the presence of bacterial cells, organized in bacterial microcolonies. CLSM with double staining demonstrated mucosal biofilms by showing the presence of both bacteria and the glycocalyx. The use of 16S-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent sequence analyses identified the presence of Corynebacterium argentoratense, Streptococcus salivarius, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus. This study demonstrates that adenoid tissue in children with chronic or/and recurrent otitis media contains mucosal biofilms in 54% of the cases. The existence of living bacteria has been demonstrated. Further studies are required to describe the panel of bacteria that can be harbored in the biofilms present in adenoids and the mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of otitis prone children.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (hwp): ga
                Journal ID (pmc): ga
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GA
                Title: Genome Announcements
                Publisher: American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2169-8287
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 July 2015
                Publication date Collection: Jul-Aug 2015
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e00765-15
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, New Caledonia, Spain
                [b ]Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
                [c ]Public Health, School of Physiotherapy ONCE, Madrid, Spain
                [d ]AC Gen Reading Life, Valladolid, Spain
                [e ]Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (Itacyl), Valladolid, Spain
                [f ]Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
                [g ]Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Maria Isabel Fernández-Natal, ifernandeznatal@ 123456gmail.com , or David Rodríguez-Lázaro, rodlazda@ 123456gmail.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: genomeA00765-15
                DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00765-15
                PMC ID: 4498122
                SO-VID: 8f9d55e7-c45b-44b0-83dc-56011c83d060
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015 Fernández-Natal et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

                History
                Date received : 4 June 2015
                Date accepted : 5 June 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 2, Words: 1515
                Categories
                Subject: Prokaryotes
                Custom metadata
                cover-date July/August 2015
                access-type free

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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