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      The Recovery and First Analysis of an Early Holocene Human Skeleton from Kennewick, Washington

      American Antiquity
      JSTOR

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          Abstract

          The nearly-complete, well-preserved skeleton of a Paleoamerican male was found by chance near Kennewick, Washington, in 1996. Although analysis was quickly suspended by the U.S. government, initial osteological, archaeological, and geological studies provide a glimpse into the age and life of this individual. A radiocarbon age of 8410 ± 60 B.P., stratigraphic position in a widely-dated alluvial terrace, and an early-Cascade style projectile point healed into the pelvis date the find to the late Early Holocene. Initial osteological analysis describes the man as middle-aged, standing 173.1 ± 3.6 cm tall and weighing approximately 70-75 kg. Healthy as a child, he later suffered repeatedly from injuries to his skull, left arm, chest, and hip, in addition to minor osteoarthritis and periodontal disease. His physical features, teeth, and skeletal measurements show him to be an outlier relative to modern human populations, but place him closer to Pacific Islanders and Ainu than to Late Prehistoric Amerinds or any other modern group. Despite his uniqueness relative to modern peoples, he is not significantly different from other Paleoamerican males in most characteristics.

          Resumen

          El esqueleto preservado y casi completo de un hombre paleoamericano fue descubiertopor casualidad cerca de Kennewick, Washington, en 1996. Aunque el ándlisis fue rapidamente suspendido por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, estudios osteológicos, arqueológicos, y geológicos iniciales proveen informatión sobre la edad y vida de este individuo. Una edad radiocarbónica de 840 ± 60A.P., la posición estratigráfica en una terraza aluvial de edad conocida, y una punta de proyectil de estilo Cascade temprano en la pelvis datan este hallazgo al Holoceno temprano. El análisis osteológico inicial describe a un hombre de edad media, del73.1 ± 3.6 cm de alto y de 70-75 kg de peso. Sus rasgos fisicos, dientes, y mediadas esqueletales lo ponen más cerca de los habitantes de las islas pacíficas que de los amerindios prehistoricos tardíos o de cualquier otra población moderna. Sano en su juventud, el sufrió heridas en su cráneo, brazo izquierdo, pehco, y cadera, además de osteoartritis y enfermedad periodontal. No se ha determinado la causa de su muerte, pew sus hueso proveen un visión rara y pasajera de la vida de los paleoamericanos y sugiere preguntas sobre la complejidad y el tiempo del poblamiento de América.

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          The operated Markov´s chains in economy (discrete chains of Markov with the income)

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            Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo.

            Many dramatic changes in morphology within the genus Homo have occurred over the past 2 million years or more, including large increases in absolute brain size and decreases in postcanine dental size and skeletal robusticity. Body mass, as the 'size' variable against which other morphological features are usually judged, has been important for assessing these changes. Yet past body mass estimates for Pleistocene Homo have varied greatly, sometimes by as much as 50% for the same individuals. Here we show that two independent methods of body-mass estimation yield concordant results when applied to Pleistocene Homo specimens. On the basis of an analysis of 163 individuals, body mass in Pleistocene Homo averaged significantly (about 10%) larger than a representative sample of living humans. Relative to body mass, brain mass in late archaic H. sapiens (Neanderthals) was slightly smaller than in early 'anatomically modern' humans, but the major increase in encephalization within Homo occurred earlier during the Middle Pleistocene (600-150 thousand years before present (kyr BP)), preceded by a long period of stasis extending through the Early Pleistocene (1,800 kyr BP).
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              Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                American Antiquity
                Am. antiq.
                JSTOR
                0002-7316
                2325-5064
                April 2000
                January 20 2017
                April 2000
                : 65
                : 2
                : 291-316
                Article
                10.2307/2694060
                17216899
                8f88bc98-513a-47ec-87b6-d113b0b81470
                © 2000

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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