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      Classificando as pessoas e suas perturbações: a “revolução terminológica” do DSM III

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          Abstract

          A terceira versão do Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), publicado pela American Psychiatric Association em 1980, implicou uma mudança de paradigma no conhecimento psiquiátrico vigente, tanto nos Estados Unidos quanto no contexto internacional em geral. Apresentamos um pequeno histórico dessa transformação e procuramos expor e discutir a nova arquitetura do manual e sua lógica classificatória. Construímos nossa argumentação em torno do destino reservado às antigas “neuroses” e aos novos “transtornos sexuais”.

          Translated abstract

          La tercera versión del Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), publicado por la American Psychiatric Association en 1980, implicó un cambio de paradigma en el conocimiento psiquiátrico vigente, tanto en los Estados Unidos como en el contexto internacional en general. Presentamos un pequeño histórico de esa transformación y buscamos exponer y discutir la nueva arquitectura del manual y su lógica clasificatoria. Construimos nuestra argumentación alrededor del destino reservado a las antiguas “neurosis” y a los nuevos “trastornos sexuales”.

          Translated abstract

          The third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980, brought about a paradigmatic change in psychiatric knowledge in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. In this article we present a short history of this change, and discuss the new architecture of the manual and its logic of classification. Our argument focuses around the way the concepts of “neurosis” and “sexual disorders” were dealt with in the latest version of the manual.

          Translated abstract

          La troisième version du Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), publié par l’ American Psychiatric Association en 1980 a entraîné un changement de canon dans le savoir psychiatrique, non seulement aux États Unis, mais aussi dans les autres pays du monde. Nous présentons l’histoire résumeé de cette transformation, en analisant le changement de l’architecture et de la logique sous-jacente du manuel. Notre argumentation est centrée sur le nouveau statut des névroses et des “troubles sexuels”.

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          História da Sexualidade I: a vontade de saber

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            DSM-III and the transformation of American psychiatry: a history.

            The author traces the history of the development of DSM-III within the larger context--intellectual, economic, scientific, and ideological--of the development of American psychiatry since World War II. Data were obtained through a literature review, investigation of archival material from the DSM-III task force and APA, and interviews with key participants. This research indicates that from the end of World War II until the mid-1970s, a broadly conceived biopsychosocial model, informed by psychoanalysis, sociological thinking, and biological knowledge, was the organizing model for American psychiatry. However, the biopsychosocial model did not clearly demarcate the mentally well from the mentally ill, and this failure led to a crisis in the legitimacy of psychiatry by the 1970s. The publication of DSM-III in 1980 represented an answer to this crisis, as the essential focus of psychiatric knowledge shifted from the clinically-based biopsychosocial model to a research-based medical model. The author concludes that while DSM-III, and the return to descriptive psychiatry which it inaugurated, has had positive consequences for the profession, at the same time it represents a significant narrowing of psychiatry's clinical gaze.
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              The harmony of illusions: Inventing post-traumatic stress disorder

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rlpf
                Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental
                Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam.
                Associação Universitária de Pesquisa em Psicopatologia Fundamental
                1984-0381
                September 2006
                : 9
                : 3
                : 460-483
                Article
                S1415-47142006000300007
                10.1590/1415-47142006003007
                8f81b8e6-d335-474d-8f53-1d3299c1548b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1415-4714&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Historia de la psiquiatría,diagnóstico,DSM III,History of psychiatry,diagnosis,Histoire de la psychiatrie,diagnostique,história da psiquiatria

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