The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field

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Abstract

ChatGPT, an AI-driven conversational large language model (LLM), has garnered significant scholarly attention since its inception, owing to its manifold applications in the realm of medical science. This study primarily examines the merits, limitations, anticipated developments, and practical applications of ChatGPT in clinical practice, healthcare, medical education, and medical research. It underscores the necessity for further research and development to enhance its performance and deployment. Moreover, future research avenues encompass ongoing enhancements and standardization of ChatGPT, mitigating its limitations, and exploring its integration and applicability in translational and personalized medicine. Reflecting the narrative nature of this review, a focused literature search was performed to identify relevant publications on ChatGPT’s use in medicine. This process was aimed at gathering a broad spectrum of insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of ChatGPT in the medical domain. The objective is to aid healthcare professionals in understanding the groundbreaking advancements associated with the latest artificial intelligence tools, while also acknowledging the opportunities and challenges presented by ChatGPT.

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ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns

Malik Sallam (2023)

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based conversational large language model (LLM). The potential applications of LLMs in health care education, research, and practice could be promising if the associated valid concerns are proactively examined and addressed. The current systematic review aimed to investigate the utility of ChatGPT in health care education, research, and practice and to highlight its potential limitations. Using the PRIMSA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted to retrieve English records in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar (published research or preprints) that examined ChatGPT in the context of health care education, research, or practice. A total of 60 records were eligible for inclusion. Benefits of ChatGPT were cited in 51/60 (85.0%) records and included: (1) improved scientific writing and enhancing research equity and versatility; (2) utility in health care research (efficient analysis of datasets, code generation, literature reviews, saving time to focus on experimental design, and drug discovery and development); (3) benefits in health care practice (streamlining the workflow, cost saving, documentation, personalized medicine, and improved health literacy); and (4) benefits in health care education including improved personalized learning and the focus on critical thinking and problem-based learning. Concerns regarding ChatGPT use were stated in 58/60 (96.7%) records including ethical, copyright, transparency, and legal issues, the risk of bias, plagiarism, lack of originality, inaccurate content with risk of hallucination, limited knowledge, incorrect citations, cybersecurity issues, and risk of infodemics. The promising applications of ChatGPT can induce paradigm shifts in health care education, research, and practice. However, the embrace of this AI chatbot should be conducted with extreme caution considering its potential limitations. As it currently stands, ChatGPT does not qualify to be listed as an author in scientific articles unless the ICMJE/COPE guidelines are revised or amended. An initiative involving all stakeholders in health care education, research, and practice is urgently needed. This will help to set a code of ethics to guide the responsible use of ChatGPT among other LLMs in health care and academia.

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ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations

Tirth Dave, Sai Anirudh Athaluri, Satyam Singh (2023)

This paper presents an analysis of the advantages, limitations, ethical considerations, future prospects, and practical applications of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare and medical domains. ChatGPT is an advanced language model that uses deep learning techniques to produce human-like responses to natural language inputs. It is part of the family of generative pre-training transformer (GPT) models developed by OpenAI and is currently one of the largest publicly available language models. ChatGPT is capable of capturing the nuances and intricacies of human language, allowing it to generate appropriate and contextually relevant responses across a broad spectrum of prompts. The potential applications of ChatGPT in the medical field range from identifying potential research topics to assisting professionals in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Additionally, it can be used to help medical students, doctors, nurses, and all members of the healthcare fraternity to know about updates and new developments in their respective fields. The development of virtual assistants to aid patients in managing their health is another important application of ChatGPT in medicine. Despite its potential applications, the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools in medical writing also poses ethical and legal concerns. These include possible infringement of copyright laws, medico-legal complications, and the need for transparency in AI-generated content. In conclusion, ChatGPT has several potential applications in the medical and healthcare fields. However, these applications come with several limitations and ethical considerations which are presented in detail along with future prospects in medicine and healthcare.

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Evaluating the Feasibility of ChatGPT in Healthcare: An Analysis of Multiple Clinical and Research Scenarios

Marco Cascella, Jonathan Montomoli, Valentina Bellini … (2023)

This paper aims to highlight the potential applications and limits of a large language model (LLM) in healthcare. ChatGPT is a recently developed LLM that was trained on a massive dataset of text for dialogue with users. Although AI-based language models like ChatGPT have demonstrated impressive capabilities, it is uncertain how well they will perform in real-world scenarios, particularly in fields such as medicine where high-level and complex thinking is necessary. Furthermore, while the use of ChatGPT in writing scientific articles and other scientific outputs may have potential benefits, important ethical concerns must also be addressed. Consequently, we investigated the feasibility of ChatGPT in clinical and research scenarios: (1) support of the clinical practice, (2) scientific production, (3) misuse in medicine and research, and (4) reasoning about public health topics. Results indicated that it is important to recognize and promote education on the appropriate use and potential pitfalls of AI-based LLMs in medicine.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Gen Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Gen Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijgm

Title: International Journal of General Medicine

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7074

Publication date (Electronic): 05 March 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 17

Pages: 817-826

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

Author notes

Correspondence: Dawei He, Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18680856616, Email hedawei@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn

Author information

Yonglin Mu http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7275-3345

Dawei He http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-5886

Article

Publisher ID: 456659

DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S456659

PMC ID: 10929156

PubMed ID: 38476626

SO-VID: 8f6dc18c-00d0-436c-ab5c-88b654f991b7

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 10 January 2024

Date accepted : 26 February 2024

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Figures: 0, References: 56, Pages: 10

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The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field

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Journal of Medical Education Research

Most cited references 56

ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns

ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations

Evaluating the Feasibility of ChatGPT in Healthcare: An Analysis of Multiple Clinical and Research Scenarios

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