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      A general fruit acid chelation route for eco-friendly and ambient 3D printing of metals

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          Abstract

          Recent advances in metal additive manufacturing (AM) have provided new opportunities for prompt designs of prototypes and facile personalization of products befitting the fourth industrial revolution. In this regard, its feasibility of becoming a green technology, which is not an inherent aspect of AM, is gaining more interests. A particular interest in adapting and understanding of eco-friendly ingredients can set its important groundworks. Here, we demonstrate a water-based solid-phase binding agent suitable for binder jetting 3D printing of metals. Sodium salts of common fruit acid chelators form stable metal-chelate bridges between metal particles, enabling elaborate 3D printing of metals with improved strengths. Even further reductions in the porosity between the metal particles are possible through post-treatments. A compatibility of this chelation chemistry with variety of metals is also demonstrated. The proposed mechanism for metal 3D printing can open up new avenues for consumer-level personalized 3D printing of metals.

          Abstract

          Additive manufacturing of metals has revolutionized production and personalization of commodities. Here, authors demonstrate its feasibility of becoming a green technology, by developing an eco-friendly fruit-acid-based chelation approach.

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          Most cited references56

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          Precisely printable and biocompatible silk fibroin bioink for digital light processing 3D printing

          Although three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has gained much attention in the field of tissue engineering, there are still several significant engineering challenges to overcome, including lack of bioink with biocompatibility and printability. Here, we show a bioink created from silk fibroin (SF) for digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering applications. The SF-based bioink (Sil-MA) was produced by a methacrylation process using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) during the fabrication of SF solution. The mechanical and rheological properties of Sil-MA hydrogel proved to be outstanding in experimental testing and can be modulated by varying the Sil-MA contents. This Sil-MA bioink allowed us to build highly complex organ structures, including the heart, vessel, brain, trachea and ear with excellent structural stability and reliable biocompatibility. Sil-MA bioink is well-suited for use in DLP printing process and could be applied to tissue and organ engineering depending on the specific biological requirements.
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            3D bioprinting of high cell-density heterogeneous tissue models through spheroid fusion within self-healing hydrogels

            Cellular models are needed to study human development and disease in vitro, and to screen drugs for toxicity and efficacy. Current approaches are limited in the engineering of functional tissue models with requisite cell densities and heterogeneity to appropriately model cell and tissue behaviors. Here, we develop a bioprinting approach to transfer spheroids into self-healing support hydrogels at high resolution, which enables their patterning and fusion into high-cell density microtissues of prescribed spatial organization. As an example application, we bioprint induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissue models with spatially controlled cardiomyocyte and fibroblast cell ratios to replicate the structural and functional features of scarred cardiac tissue that arise following myocardial infarction, including reduced contractility and irregular electrical activity. The bioprinted in vitro model is combined with functional readouts to probe how various pro-regenerative microRNA treatment regimes influence tissue regeneration and recovery of function as a result of cardiomyocyte proliferation. This method is useful for a range of biomedical applications, including the development of precision models to mimic diseases and the screening of drugs, particularly where high cell densities and heterogeneity are important.
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              Metal–carboxylate interactions in metal–alginate complexes studied with FTIR spectroscopy

              FTIR spectroscopy was used in order to obtain information about metal-carboxylate interactions in metal-alginate complexes of alginic acid and sodium alginate from the brown algae Laminaria digitata after crosslinking with Ca(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Pb(2+). From the frequencies of the characteristic peaks for asymmetric COO stretching vibration (nu(asym)(COO(-)) and symmetric COO stretching vibration (nu(sym)(COO(-))) a 'pseudo bridged' unidentate coordination with intermolecular hydrogen bonds is proposed for the metal-carboxylate complexes in polyguluronic regions while for the polymannuronic regions the bidentate bridging coordination was proposed. The PIB factor introduced previously as a relationship between metal sorption and frequencies of the asymmetric vibrations was found not to correlate with sorption capacity or any other physical property of the metal-alginate complexes studied.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                eos0523@gmail.com
                jhcho94@yonsei.ac.kr
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                7 March 2022
                7 March 2022
                2022
                : 13
                : 104
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.15444.30, ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5454, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, , Yonsei University, ; Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
                [2 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, School of Mechanical Engineering, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
                [3 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Nano Engineering, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
                [4 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), ; Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
                [5 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Department of Smart Fab. Technology, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
                [6 ]GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, School of Chemical Engineering, , Sungkyunkwan University, ; Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-7857
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-3593
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-3546
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-9920
                Article
                27730
                10.1038/s41467-021-27730-6
                8901924
                35256609
                8f1d4ec4-7bb6-4a67-a657-6f4b64a00aef
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 8 March 2021
                : 29 November 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF);
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Uncategorized
                materials chemistry,design, synthesis and processing
                Uncategorized
                materials chemistry, design, synthesis and processing

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