[Pediatric management of sickle cell disease: experience at the Charles de Gaulle University Children's Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)].

Abstract

Sickle cell disease is a genetic disease most common in blacks. We retrospectively collected records for patients with sickle cell disease who were seen from January 2002 through September 2006 to assess the care provided for this disease at Charles de Gaulle University Children's Hospital of Ouagadougou. In all, 88 patients were monitored quarterly at outpatient visits for sickle cell disease, in the absence of any crisis. Their age ranged from 6 months to 16 years, with an average age of 7. There were more boys than girls, with a sex ratio of 1.44. The distribution according to sickle cell genotype showed that SC accounted for 62% of cases, while SS forms were more frequent until the age of 5. All children have received the immunizations in the standard Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) [diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles and yellow fever]. The immunization rates for non-EPI vaccines including hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae B, Salmonella typhi, meningitis, pneumonia and the combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella ranged from 94 to 100%. A prophylactic anti-anaemic agent was made with folic acid often associated with iron. In addition, patients receive malaria chemoprophylaxis. Chloroquine was initially provided, and since 2006, children have been receiving sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Our encouraging results deserve reinforcement in the short-term - at the local level by neonatal screening, the creation of an immunization unit, and the systematization of antibiotic prophylaxis, and in the medium-term by implementation of a National sickle cell disease programme to help meet the objective of a 40% reduction in mortality among affected children younger than 5 years by 2015, set by the Sickle Cell Disease International Organization.