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      Feeding ecology of elasmobranch species in southeastern Brazil

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The feeding ecology of five elasmobranch species was studied on the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The specimens were caught with a trawl or bottom longline between January 2006 and August 2007. The diets of Psammobatis rutrum and Psammobatis extenta appeared to be basically carcino-benthophagous, with a very small niche width. Rioraja agassizii was basically carcino/ichthyo-benthophagous, also with a narrow niche, including teleost fish and shrimp, but in different proportions according to age and sex. Rhizoprionodon lalandii was ichthyophagous, not influenced by age or sex. The analyses of these species and Atlantoraja cyclophora indicated two trophic groups: one composed of the smaller rays, P. extenta and P. rutrum, which basically fed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and nematodes; and the other of R. lalandii and the larger rays R. agassizii and A. cyclophora, which preyed on teleost fish and brachyurans.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Devido à lacuna de conhecimento sobre os elasmobrânquios estudamos a ecologia alimentar de cinco espécies desse grupo, no litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro. Os exemplares foram capturados por rede de arrasto e espinhel de fundo, entre janeiro de 2006 e agosto de 2007. As dietas de Psammobatis rutrum e Psammobatis extenta se mostraram basicamente carcino-bentofagas, com uma largura de nicho estreito. Rioraja agassizii foi considerada carcino/ictio-bentófaga, também com uma largura de nicho estreita. A espécie se alimenta com peixe e camarão, mas em proporções diferentes de acordo com a idade e sexo. A dieta de Rhizoprionodon lalandii foi considerada ictiófaga e não é influenciada pela idade ou sexo. As análises destas espécies e Atlantoraja cyclophora indicaram a formação de dois grupos tróficos: um composto pelas raias menores, P. extenta e P. rutrum, que basicamente se alimentam de pequenos crustáceos, poliquetos e nematodas; e o outro de R. lalandii e as raias maiores R. agassizii e A. cyclophora, que predam peixes teleósteos e brachyuras.

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          Biostatistical Analysis

          Designed for one/two-semester, junior/graduate-level courses in Biostatistics, Biometry, Quantitative Biology, or Statistics, the latest edition of this best-selling biostatistics text is both comprehensive and easy to read. It provides a broad and practical overview of the statistical analysis methods used by researchers to collect, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from biological research data. The Fourth Edition can serve as either an introduction to the discipline for beginning students or a comprehensive procedural reference for today's practitioners.
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            Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays

            The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world’s ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.001
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              Predator feeding strategy and prey importance: a new graphical analysis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2017
                : 15
                : 2
                : e160176
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia Brazil fviana.alegmail.com, jlvbiologia.ufrj.br, mvianna@ 123456biologia.ufrj.br
                Article
                S1679-62252017000200220 S1679-6225(17)01500200220
                10.1590/1982-0224-20160176
                8e8ff325-ff48-4504-9ed3-f94cc21cedaa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 May 2016
                : 21 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                Índice alimentar,Carcharhinidae,Rajidae,Demersal fishes,Alimentary index,Peixes demersais

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