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      Listening to stakeholders in the prevention of gender-based violence among young people in Spain: a qualitative study from the positivMasc project

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This study seeks to deepen current knowledge of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GVB) among young people in Spain, identifying the main challenges in terms of prevention from the perspective of key stakeholders in the field.

          Methods

          23 semi-structured qualitative interviews were performed with professionals whose work involves youth and comes from different areas: social work, policy making, youth education, feminist and LGBTQ activism and anti-violence masculinities engagement (13 women and 10 men).

          Results

          Among the main challenges identified by stakeholders in relation to GBV preventive strategies in young populations there is a need to focus on transformative programmes within educational settings. The findings indicate that specific programs and interventions in this area may not be yielding the expected effectiveness. This outcome could be attributed less to a lack of resources and more to a failure to address the core issues and challenges adequately. Thus, the results underline that intervention programmes should emphasise equitable gender norms and gender relations and incorporate content on anti-violence masculinities. Finally, a pivotal aspect seen by professionals to facilitate GBV prevention is the design and development of interventions based on participatory and active approaches, close to young people’s everyday situations. The results also draw attention to the need to analyse the impact of new forms of violence in greater depth, especially those that occur through information and communication technologies.

          Conclusion

          Among other implications for policy and practice, the study points to the need to articulate interventions designed to work simultaneously at different levels of influence acting on people.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-023-02545-3.

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          Most cited references45

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          World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

          (2013)
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            Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

            Benjamin Saunders, Julius Sim, Tom Kingstone … (2017)
            Saturation has attained widespread acceptance as a methodological principle in qualitative research. It is commonly taken to indicate that, on the basis of the data that have been collected or analysed hitherto, further data collection and/or analysis are unnecessary. However, there appears to be uncertainty as to how saturation should be conceptualized, and inconsistencies in its use. In this paper, we look to clarify the nature, purposes and uses of saturation, and in doing so add to theoretical debate on the role of saturation across different methodologies. We identify four distinct approaches to saturation, which differ in terms of the extent to which an inductive or a deductive logic is adopted, and the relative emphasis on data collection, data analysis, and theorizing. We explore the purposes saturation might serve in relation to these different approaches, and the implications for how and when saturation will be sought. In examining these issues, we highlight the uncertain logic underlying saturation—as essentially a predictive statement about the unobserved based on the observed, a judgement that, we argue, results in equivocation, and may in part explain the confusion surrounding its use. We conclude that saturation should be operationalized in a way that is consistent with the research question(s), and the theoretical position and analytic framework adopted, but also that there should be some limit to its scope, so as not to risk saturation losing its coherence and potency if its conceptualization and uses are stretched too widely.
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              Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women.

              James Pease, Michael Flood (2009)
              Attitudes toward men's violence against women shape both the perpetration of violence against women and responses to this violence by the victim and others around her. For these reasons, attitudes are the target of violence-prevention campaigns. To improve understanding of the determinants of violence against women and to aid the development of violence-prevention efforts, this article reviews the factors that shape attitudes toward violence against women. It offers a framework with which to comprehend the complex array of influences on attitudes toward violent behavior perpetrated by men against women. Two clusters of factors, associated with gender and culture, have an influence at multiple levels of the social order on attitudes regarding violence. Further factors operate at individual, organizational, communal, or societal levels in particular, although their influence may overlap across multiple levels. This article concludes with recommendations regarding efforts to improve attitudes toward violence against women.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jorge Marcos-Marcos: jorge.marcosmarcos@gcloud.ua.es
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Womens Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Womens Health
                Title: BMC Women's Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6874
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 July 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 July 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 23
                Electronic Location Identifier: 393
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5268.9, ISNI 0000 0001 2168 1800, Department of Health Psychology, , University of Alicante, ; Alicante, Spain
                [2 ]GRID grid.5268.9, ISNI 0000 0001 2168 1800, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, , University of Alicante, ; Alicante, Spain
                [3 ]GRID grid.15043.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2163 1432, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, , University of Lleida, ; Lleida, Spain
                [4 ]GRID grid.466571.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1756 6246, Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), ; Madrid, Spain
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2545
                DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02545-3
                PMC ID: 10373224
                PubMed ID: 37496067
                SO-VID: 8e69284f-0dbe-4eb4-a516-12483e39be49
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 24 September 2022
                Date accepted : 13 July 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: GENDER NET Plus Co-Fund
                Award ID: Ref. number 2018-00968
                Funded by: Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain
                Award ID: Ref. number PCI2019-103580
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: gender-based violence,primary prevention,masculinities,stakeholders,qualitative research,spain
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: gender-based violence, primary prevention, masculinities, stakeholders, qualitative research, spain

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