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      Editorial Board Composition Among Pediatric Cardiology Journals : Time to Cast the Net Wider

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          Abstract

          Background

          No data currently exist on the diversity of editorial board members (EBMs) of pediatric cardiology journals.

          Objectives

          The objective was to investigate the editorial boards of 5 pediatric cardiology journals to assess the composition of these boards in terms of the geographical, gender, and economic representation of their members.

          Methods

          Information on EBMs was collected directly from 5 journal websites accessed in February 2022. The following data were collected: country of practice (including World Bank geographical and income classification), institution of practice, role on editorial board, and whether an individual held a role on 1 or more of the boards included.

          Results

          A total of 455 EBMs were identified. A total of 369 (81%) were male. All editors-in-chief were male, and 4 were from the United States. EBMs practicing in North America accounted for 278 individuals (61%) of the editorial boards reviewed. The next majority of EBMs are practicing within Europe and Central Asia (23%, n = 103), East Asia and Pacific (7%, n = 31), Middle East and North Africa (4%, n = 18), and Latin America and Caribbean (4%, n = 16). Less than 2% (n = 9) practice in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Over 90% (n = 415) practice in high-income countries. There was no representation from low-income countries.

          Conclusions

          Women and pediatric cardiologists practicing in countries outside of Europe and North America were underrepresented on the editorial boards of the journals studied. Diversifying composition of editorial boards may provide greater representation of underserved areas and encourage broader avenues of investigation and research.

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          Most cited references27

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          Global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

          (2020)
          Summary Background Previous congenital heart disease estimates came from few data sources, were geographically narrow, and did not evaluate congenital heart disease throughout the life course. Completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017, this study aimed to provide comprehensive estimates of congenital heart disease mortality, prevalence, and disability by age for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods Mortality estimates were generated for aggregate congenital heart disease and non-fatal estimates for five subcategories (single ventricle and single ventricle pathway congenital heart anomalies; severe congenital heart anomalies excluding single ventricle heart defects; critical malformations of great vessels, congenital valvular heart disease, and patent ductus arteriosus; ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect; and other congenital heart anomalies), for 1990 through to 2017. All available global data were systematically analysed to generate congenital heart disease mortality estimates (using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling) and prevalence estimates (DisMod-MR 2·1). Systematic literature reviews of all types of congenital anomalies to capture information on prevalence, associated mortality, and long-term health outcomes on congenital heart disease informed subsequent disability estimates. Findings Congenital heart disease caused 261 247 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 216 567–308 159) globally in 2017, a 34·5% decline from 1990, with 180 624 deaths (146 825–214 178) being among infants (aged <1 years). Congenital heart disease mortality rates declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index (SDI); most deaths occurred in countries in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. The prevalence rates of congenital heart disease at birth changed little temporally or by SDI, resulting in 11 998 283 (10 958 658–13 123 888) people living with congenital heart disease globally, an 18·7% increase from 1990 to 2017, and causing a total of 589 479 (287 200–973 359) years lived with disability. Interpretation Congenital heart disease is a large, rapidly emerging global problem in child health. Without the ability to substantially alter the prevalence of congenital heart disease, interventions and resources must be used to improve survival and quality of life. Our findings highlight the large global inequities in congenital heart disease and can serve as a starting point for policy changes to improve screening, treatment, and data collection. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            Collaboration: Strength in diversity.

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              Defining and measuring gender: A social determinant of health whose time has come

              This paper contributes to a nascent scholarly discussion of sex and gender as determinants of health. Health is a composite of biological makeup and socioeconomic circumstances. Differences in health and illness patterns of men and women are attributable both to sex, or biology, and to gender, that is, social factors such as powerlessness, access to resources, and constrained roles. Using examples such as the greater life expectancy of women in most of the world, despite their relative social disadvantage, and the disproportionate risk of myocardial infarction amongst men, but death from MI amongst women, the independent and combined associations of sex and gender on health are explored. A model for incorporating gender into epidemiologic analyses is proposed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JACC Adv
                JACC Adv
                JACC: Advances
                Elsevier
                2772-963X
                16 November 2022
                December 2022
                16 November 2022
                : 1
                : 5
                : 100137
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
                [b ]South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
                [c ]Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
                [d ]Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
                [e ]Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
                [f ]Institute of Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
                [g ]Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
                [h ]School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
                [i ]School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
                Author notes
                [] Address for correspondence: Professor Colin J. McMahon, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Children’s Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland. cmcmahon992004@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S2772-963X(22)00214-9 100137
                10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100137
                11198689
                38940315
                8e5c81b6-ce72-49c2-9ca0-641f6360710d
                © 2022 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 2 June 2022
                : 18 July 2022
                : 13 September 2022
                Categories
                Original Research
                Pediatric Cardiology

                congenital heart disease,editorial board,gender,geographical representation,pediatric cardiology

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