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      Sensory analysis of jelly from prickly pear cactus fruit (Opuntia ficus indica) Translated title: Evaluación sensorial de gelatinas de tuna (Opuntia ficus indica)

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          Abstract

          Abstract In the past decades, overweight, obesity and diabetes have been considered a latent threat in the health sector, since according to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year this global epidemic claims the lives of 2.8 million people around the world. Today the prevention and control of these diseases is a priority. One of the most important aspects of prevention is the food, due this the creation of healthy foods to help the population at risk it’s a very important development and activity. The aim of the present work was to develop a food adapted to the nutritional needs of people with chronic diseases, in particular diabetes. In the present investigation a jelly based on prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) was elaborated. Prickly pear was selected because medicinal plants including the prickly pear cactus have been reported to modulate blood sugar levels and the extracts of prickly pear cactus have been used in various parts of the world to manage diabetes mellitus. Two varieties of prickly pear were evaluated, (green and red). In the proximal analysis the red variety had the high sugar content (15.5 %). For the formulation of prickly pear jellies 2 different sweeteners where used, sugar and stevia. Un-trained panel performed sensory test and principal components of four jellies of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) was carry out. The evaluated parameters according to consumer preference were palate consistency, cactus taste, sweet taste, pleasant taste and general taste. The products had a positive acceptance in the sensory tests. The red prickly pear fruit with sugar was the preferred by the judges (p = 0.05).

          Translated abstract

          Resumen En las últimas décadas, el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la diabetes se han considerado una amenaza latente en el sector de la salud, ya que según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), cada año esta epidemia global cobra la vida de 2.8 millones de personas alrededor del mundo. Actualmente la prevención y el control de estas enfermedades se han vuelto una prioridad. Uno de los aspectos más importantes de la prevención es la buena nutrición, debido a esto, la creación y desarrollo de alimentos saludables para ayudar a la población en riesgo una actividad muy importante. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un alimento adaptado a las necesidades nutricionales de las personas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, en particular la diabetes. Se elaboró una gelatina a base de tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica). Se eligió la tuna porque se ha reportado que algunos vegetales, incluido el nopal, modulan los niveles de azúcar en la sangre y se han utilizado los extractos de nopal en varias partes del mundo para controlar la diabetes mellitus como parte de la medicina alternativa. Se evaluaron dos variedades de tuna (verde y roja). En el análisis proximal, la variedad roja presentó un mayor contenido de azúcar (15.5 %). Para la formulación de la gelatina, se utilizaron 2 edulcorantes diferentes, azúcar y estevia. Se realizó un análisis sensorial de componentes principales de 4 gelatinas de tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) mediante un panel de jueces no entrenados. Los parámetros más importantes en la elección de los consumidores fueron: consistencia del paladar, sabor a cactus, sabor dulce, sabor agradable y sabor general. La gelatina de tuna variedad roja con azúcar fue la preferida por los jueces (p = 0.05), todas las formulaciones probadas tienen potencial en la industria de los alimentos debido a que tuvieron valores de aceptación positivos.

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          Most cited references43

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          Ontogeny of taste preferences: basic biology and implications for health.

          Health initiatives address childhood obesity in part by encouraging good nutrition early in life. This review highlights the science that shows that children naturally prefer higher levels of sweet and salty tastes and reject lower levels of bitter tastes than do adults. Thus, their basic biology does not predispose them to favor the recommended low-sugar, low-sodium, vegetable-rich diets and makes them especially vulnerable to our current food environment of foods high in salt and refined sugars. The good news is that sensory experiences, beginning early in life, can shape preferences. Mothers who consume diets rich in healthy foods can get children off to a good start because flavors are transmitted from the maternal diet to amniotic fluid and mother's milk, and breastfed infants are more accepting of these flavors. In contrast, infants fed formula learn to prefer its unique flavor profile and may have more difficulty initially accepting flavors not found in formula, such as those of fruit and vegetables. Regardless of early feeding mode, infants can learn through repeated exposure and dietary variety if caregivers focus on the child's willingness to consume a food and not just the facial expressions made during feeding. In addition, providing complementary foods low in salt and sugars may help protect the developing child from excess intake later in life. Early-life experiences with healthy tastes and flavors may go a long way toward promoting healthy eating, which could have a significant impact in addressing the many chronic illnesses associated with poor food choice.
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            A review on the improvement of stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)]

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              Supplementation with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit decreases oxidative stress in healthy humans: a comparative study with vitamin C.

              Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit contains vitamin C and characteristic betalain pigments, the radical-scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of which have been shown in vitro. We investigated the effects of short-term supplementation with cactus pear fruit compared with vitamin C alone on total-body oxidative status in healthy humans. In a randomized, crossover, double-treatment study, 18 healthy volunteers received either 250 g fresh fruit pulp or 75 mg vitamin C twice daily for 2 wk, with a 6-wk washout period between the treatments. Before (baseline) and after each treatment, 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) and malondialdehyde in plasma, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in erythrocytes, and lipid hydroperoxides in LDL were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress; plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) and vitamins A, E, and C were evaluated as indexes of antioxidant status. Both treatments caused comparable increases compared with baseline in plasma concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C (P < 0.05); vitamin A and TEAC did not change significantly. After supplementation with cactus pear fruit, 8-epi-PGF(2)alpha and malondialdehyde decreased by approximately 30% and 75%, respectively; GSH:GSSG shifted toward a higher value (P < 0.05); and LDL hydroperoxides were reduced by almost one-half. Supplementation with vitamin C did not significantly affect any marker of oxidative stress. Consumption of cactus pear fruit positively affects the body's redox balance, decreases oxidative damage to lipids, and improves antioxidant status in healthy humans. Supplementation with vitamin C at a comparable dosage enhances overall antioxidant defense but does not significantly affect body oxidative stress. Components of cactus pear fruit other than antioxidant vitamins may play a role in the observed effects.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                riiit
                RIIIT. Revista internacional de investigación e innovación tecnológica
                RIIIT. Rev. int. investig. innov. tecnol.
                Centro Kappa de Conocimiento S.C (CKC) (Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico )
                2007-9753
                June 2020
                : 8
                : 44
                : 1-11
                Affiliations
                [1] Piedras Negras orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Mexico
                Article
                S2007-97532020000300001 S2007-9753(20)00804400001
                8e4a5df6-5a4c-4bd1-8a85-6f9acbded3bb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2019
                : 10 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Mexico

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                gelatina de tuna,diabetes,functional food,prickly pear fruit,sensory analysis,sweet taste,alimentos funcionales,sensorial,sabor dulce

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