Effects of brimonidine tartrate 0.2 and 0.15% ophthalmic solution on the static and dynamic pupil characteristics

The purpose of the study was to develop a questionnaire that could quantify the quality of life (QOL) of people with refractive correction by spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery in the prepresbyopic age group. The questionnaire was developed and validated using traditional methods and Rasch analysis. A 90-item pilot questionnaire was developed through extensive literature search and use of professional and lay focus groups. Pilot study data were obtained from 306 subjects for item reduction to produce the 20-item Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire. Validity and reliability studies (test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman limits of agreement, and internal consistency with Rasch fit statistics, factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha) were performed from data of an additional 312 subjects. Rasch analysis demonstrated QIRC has good precision, reliability, and internal consistency (person separation, 2.03; reliability, 0.80; root-mean-square measurement error, 3.25; mean square +/- SD infit, 0.99 +/- 0.38; outfit, 1.00 +/- 0.39; item infit range, 0.70 to 1.24; and item outfit range, 0.78 to 1.32). The items (mean score, 50.3 +/- 7.3) were well targeted to the subjects (mean score, 47.8 +/- 5.5) with a mean difference of 2.45 (scale range, 0 to 100) units. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.88; coefficient of repeatability, +/-6.85 units), factor loading range (0.40 to 0.76), and Cronbach's alpha (0.78) also indicated the reliability and validity of QIRC. The 20-item QIRC questionnaire, which quantifies the QOL of people with refractive correction by spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery in the prepresbyopic age group, was developed using Rasch analysis and shown to be valid and reliable. The use of Rasch scaling allows scores to be treated as a valid continuous variable. QIRC has broad applicability for cross-sectional and outcomes research.

We aimed to summarize the outcomes reported following the implantation of the V4c implantable collamer lens with a central port (ICL, STAAR Surgical Inc) for myopia correction. A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was carried out to identify publications reporting clinical outcomes of patients who were implanted with the V4c ICL model and had a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. A total of 35 clinical studies published between 2012 and 2020 were included in the present review. A comprehensive analysis of the available data was performed, focusing on visual and refractive outcomes at different time‐points post‐surgery. In addition, adverse events and other parameters such as endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and vault measurements—which were evaluated in some of the studies—were also compared. This review encompassed a total of 2904 eyes. The outcomes reported in this review lead us to conclude that ICL V4c implantation for myopia correction is a safe and efficient procedure, with stable visual and refractive outcomes and low adverse event rates. The patient’s anterior segment should be thoroughly characterized, and the ICL parameters should be carefully selected so as to achieve good outcomes and avoid complications.

Purpose To objectively compare the optical quality and the intraocular scattering after implantation of the posterior chamber phakic implantable collamer lens (Visian ICL™, STAAR Surgical) with and without a central artificial hole for moderate to high ametropia. Methods This retrospective study comprised 28 eyes of 28 consecutive patients undergoing Hole ICL implantation (mean age ± standard deviation, 30.3±5.8 years), and 24 age-matched eyes of 24 patients undergoing conventional ICL implantation (age, 30.4±6.1 years). We quantitatively assessed the postoperative values of MTF cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, objective scattering index (OSI), and OQAS values (OVs), using an Optical Quality Analysis System™. We compared these postoperative variables between the two groups. Results The mean MTF cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, OSI, OV100%, OV 20%, and OV9%, were 26.21±8.32 cycles/degree, 0.16±0.04, 1.16±0.57, 0.87±0.28, 0.80±0.35, and 0.80±0.33, respectively, 3 months after Hole ICL implantation. We found no significant differences in the MTF cutoff frequency (Mann Whitney U test, p = 0.59), the Strehl ratio (p = 0.82), the OSI (p = 0.63), or the OVs at contrasts of 100% (p = 0.58), 20% (p = 0.40), and 9% (p = 0.87), between the two groups. Conclusions Both Hole ICL and conventional ICL implantation provides an excellent optical performance including intraocular scattering. Newly developed Hole ICL implantation appears to be essentially equivalent in the optical quality variables to conventional ICL implantation, suggesting that the presence of the central artificial hole does not significantly affect the optical quality and the intraocular scattering after surgery.