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      Porcine epidemic diarrhea in China

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          Highlights

          • •

            Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has become a major threat to the pig farming industry in China.

          • •

            Epidemic PEDV variants tend to be more pathogenic and cause a high number of pig deaths.

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            The hypervariability of PEDV makes field pandemics more complex and heterogeneous.

          • •

            Continuous emergence of PEDV highlights the need for efficient vaccines based on the epidemic PEDV.

          Abstract

          Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) that characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. PEDV was first identified in the 1980s in China, and since then, it has become one of the most common viral causes of diarrhea. In October 2010, a large-scale outbreak of PED caused by a PEDV variant occurred in China, resulting in tremendous economic losses. This review presents a comprehensive description of PEDV history, prevalence, molecular features, and prevention and control strategies in China.

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          Mechanisms of Coronavirus Cell Entry Mediated by the Viral Spike Protein

          Sandrine Belouzard, Jean K. Millet, Beth N. Licitra … (2012)
          Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. To deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell, they rely on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry and is a primary determinant of cell tropism and pathogenesis. It is classified as a class I fusion protein, and is responsible for binding to the receptor on the host cell as well as mediating the fusion of host and viral membranes—A process driven by major conformational changes of the S protein. This review discusses coronavirus entry mechanisms focusing on the different triggers used by coronaviruses to initiate the conformational change of the S protein: receptor binding, low pH exposure and proteolytic activation. We also highlight commonalities between coronavirus S proteins and other class I viral fusion proteins, as well as distinctive features that confer distinct tropism, pathogenicity and host interspecies transmission characteristics to coronaviruses.
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            A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine

            M Pensaert, P. de Bouck (1978)
            Summary Coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of pigs during a diarrheal outbreak on 4 swine breeding farms. Diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates, designated CV777, which was found to be distinct from the 2 known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.
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              Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines

              Daesub Song, Bongkyun Park (2012)
              The porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes acute diarrhoea and dehydration in pigs. Although it was first identified in Europe, it has become increasingly problematic in many Asian countries, including Korea, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. The economic impacts of the PEDV are substantial, given that it results in significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and is associated with increased costs related to vaccination and disinfection. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the molecular epidemiology of PEDV, thereby leading to the development of new vaccines. In the current review, we first describe the molecular and genetic characteristics of the PEDV. Then we discuss its molecular epidemiology and diagnosis, what vaccines are available, and how PEDV can be treated.
              Article 0 comments Cited 344 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Shaobo Xiao
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virus Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virus Res
                Title: Virus Research
                Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Print): 0168-1702
                ISSN (Electronic): 1872-7492
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 May 2016
                Publication date (Print): 2 December 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 May 2016
                Volume: 226
                Pages: 7-13
                Affiliations
                [a ]State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
                [b ]The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan 430070, China. vet@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0168-1702(16)30184-8
                DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.026
                PMC ID: 7114554
                PubMed ID: 27261169
                SO-VID: 8dfe8699-5773-4c7d-8d93-31fa3152bfe3
                Copyright © © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 22 March 2016
                Date revision received : 26 May 2016
                Date accepted : 26 May 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,prevalence,molecular characteristics,prevention,china
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, prevalence, molecular characteristics, prevention, china

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