Biomaterials Based on Chitosan and Its Derivatives and Their Potential in Tissue Engineering and Other Biomedical Applications—A Review

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Abstract

In the times of dynamically developing regenerative medicine, more and more attention is focused on the use of natural polymers. This is due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability without the production of toxic compounds, which means that they do not hurt humans and the natural environment. Chitosan and its derivatives are polymers made most often from the shells of crustaceans and are biodegradable and biocompatible. Some of them have antibacterial or metal-chelating properties. This review article presents the development of biomaterials based on chitosan and its derivatives used in regenerative medicine, such as a dressing or graft of soft tissues or bones. Various examples of preparations based on chitosan and its derivatives in the form of gels, films, and 3D structures and crosslinking products with another polymer are discussed herein. This article summarizes the latest advances in medicine with the use of biomaterials based on chitosan and its derivatives and provides perspectives on future research activities.

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Chitosan as a bioactive polymer: Processing, properties and applications.

A Etxabide, A Muxika, J Uranga … (2017)

Chitin is one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides in the world and it is mainly used for the production of chitosan by a deacetylation process. Chitosan is a bioactive polymer with a wide variety of applications due to its functional properties such as antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, ease of modification, and biodegradability. This review summarizes the most common chitosan processing methods and highlights some applications of chitosan in various industrial and biomedical fields. Finally, environmental concerns of chitosan-based films, considering the stages from raw materials extraction up to the end of life after disposal, are also discussed with the aim of finding more eco-friendly alternatives.

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Extraction, chemical modification and characterization of chitin and chitosan: A review

Raja Belaabed, Ali Laajeb, Ahmed Lahsini … (2018)

Chitin is the second most common polymer after cellulose in earth, existing in the shells of crustaceans like crab and shrimp. Chitosan is a natural amino-polysaccharide derived from chitin, known as one of the most abundant organic materials in nature, it has been widely used in several applications due to its natural origin and exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and chelating of metal ions. Chitin and chitosan are characterized by deacetylation degree, one of the most important chemical characteristics that can influence the performance of chitosan in many applications. Chitosan is usually prepared by a thermochemical method, consuming time, energy and reagents. In this review, various methods of chitosan extraction will be approached and compared; the importance of a new method of ecological extraction will be emphasized. Moreover, in order to improve the chitosan functionality, and better control these physicochemical properties, several chemical modifications have been reported. These chemical modifications lead to a broad range of derivatives with a wide range of applications in many fields. Recent examples of the distinct applications, with particular emphasis on environmental applications, have been presented.