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      Increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma after treatment of primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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          Abstract

          Background

          There have been sporadic reports about synchronous as well as metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric lymphoma. Many reports have dealt with metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of stomach. But to our knowledge, there have been no reports that document the increased incidence of metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma in patients with gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate the incidence of metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma after primary gastric lymphoma treatment, especially in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

          Methods

          The retrospective cohort study of 139 primary gastric lymphoma patients treated with radiotherapy at our hospital. Mean observation period was 61.5 months (range: 3.7-124.6 months). Patients profile, characteristics of primary gastric lymphoma and metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma were retrieved from medical records. The risk of metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma was compared with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in Japanese population.

          Results

          There were 10 (7.2%) metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma patients after treatment of primary gastric lymphomas. It was quite high risk compared with the risk of gastric carcinoma in Japanese population of 54.7/100,000. Seven patients of 10 were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other 3 patients were mixed type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Four patients of 10 metachronous gastric adenocarcinomas were signet-ring cell carcinoma and two patients died of gastric adenocarcinoma. Metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma may have a more malignant potential than sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma. Old age, Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal change of chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were possible risk factors for metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma.

          Conclusion

          There was an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma after treatment of primary gastric lymphoma, especially of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

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          Most cited references21

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          EGILS consensus report. Gastric extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT.

          This consensus report of the EGILS (European Gastro-Intestinal Lymphoma Study) group includes recommendations on the management of gastric extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT. They are based on data from the literature and on intensive discussions and votings of the experts during their annual meetings.
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            Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis.

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              Synchronous and metachronous primary gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 patients.

              The occurrence of both malignant gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the same patient is very rare. The resected specimens from 12 patients who had both primary gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Two different tumors were found synchronously in 10 patients (5 with independent tumors and 5 with contiguous/collision tumors) and metachronously in 2. The size of the lymphomas (mean, 7.2 cm) was larger than that of the adenocarcinomas (mean, 3.6 cm) (P < 0.005). Histologically, 9 of the 12 lymphomas (75%) were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and all lymphomas invaded the deep portion of the submucosa or deeper. Conversely, 10 of the 12 adenocarcinomas (83%) were early carcinomas. Six adenocarcinomas were intestinal type, whereas the other 6 were diffuse type. The MIB-1 index of the adenocarcinomas (mean, 50.4%) was higher than that of the lymphomas (mean, 29.3%) (P < 0.05). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was documented in all 12 patients, whereas Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA 1 was detected in only 2. During the follow-up period after surgery, 6 patients died, 4 due to adenocarcinoma. The survival probability of all 12 patients appeared to be similar to that of previously reported patients with gastric adenocarcinoma alone, and was significantly worse than that of the 217 patients with gastric lymphoma alone (P < 0.05). An H. pylori infection is considered to be associated with the development of these double malignancies. In many such synchronously observed cases, lymphomas may precede carcinogenesis, while the prognosis appears to be more closely associated with the adenocarcinoma than the lymphoma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMC Cancer
                BMC Cancer
                BMC Cancer
                BioMed Central
                1471-2407
                2013
                26 October 2013
                : 13
                : 499
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
                [2 ]Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
                [3 ]Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
                Article
                1471-2407-13-499
                10.1186/1471-2407-13-499
                3816307
                24159918
                8d225d9d-07ba-4184-a27f-2a34a923b0e2
                Copyright ©2013 Inaba et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 February 2013
                : 12 September 2013
                Categories
                Research Article

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                gastric lymphoma,metachronous gastric adenocarcinoma,diffuse large b-cell lymphoma,radiotherapy

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