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      Mutations in tomato 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 uncover its role in development beside fruit ripening.

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          Abstract

          The role of ethylene in plant development is mostly inferred from its exogenous application. The usage of mutants affecting ethylene biosynthesis proffers a better alternative to decipher its role. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 (ACS2) is a key enzyme regulating ripening-specific ethylene biosynthesis. We characterised two contrasting acs2 mutants; acs2-1 overproduces ethylene, has higher ACS activity, and has increased protein levels, while acs2-2 is an ethylene underproducer, displays lower ACS activity, and has lower protein levels than wild type. Consistent with high/low ethylene emission, the mutants show opposite phenotypes, physiological responses, and metabolomic profiles compared with the wild type. The acs2-1 mutant shows early seed germination, faster leaf senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Conversely, acs2-2 has delayed seed germination, slower leaf senescence, and prolonged fruit ripening. The phytohormone profiles of mutants were mostly opposite in the leaves and fruits. The faster/slower senescence of acs2-1/acs2-2 leaves correlated with the endogenous ethylene/zeatin ratio. The genetic analysis showed that the metabolite profiles of respective mutants co-segregated with the homozygous mutant progeny. Our results uncover that besides ripening, ACS2 participates in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato. The distinct influence of ethylene on phytohormone profiles indicates the intertwining of ethylene action with other phytohormones in regulating plant development.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Plant J
          The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
          Wiley
          1365-313X
          0960-7412
          April 2021
          : 106
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
          Article
          10.1111/tpj.15148
          33370496
          8cf9daf4-dc46-45cc-979f-292b192c1444
          © 2020 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
          History

          Solanum lycopersicum ,ethylene,hormonal profiling,leaf senescence,metabolite profiling,seed germination,tomato,fruit ripening

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