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Abstract
The traditional research pipeline that encourages a staged approach to moving an intervention
from efficacy trials to the real world can take a long time. To address this issue,
hybrid effectiveness-implementation designs were codified to promote examination of
both effectiveness and implementation outcomes within a study. There are three types
of hybrid designs and they vary based on their primary focus and the amount of emphasis
on effectiveness versus implementation outcomes. A type 1 hybrid focuses primarily
on the effectiveness outcomes of an intervention while exploring the “implementability”
of the intervention. A type 2 hybrid has a dual focus on effectiveness and implementation
outcomes; these designs allow for the simultaneous testing or piloting of implementation
strategies during an effectiveness trial. A type 3 hybrid focuses primarily on implementation
outcomes while also collecting effectiveness outcomes as they relate to uptake or
fidelity of the intervention. This paper provides an introduction to these designs
and describes each of the three types, design considerations, and examples for each.