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      HIV-related knowledge, attitude and practices of healthy adults in Cross River State Nigeria: a population based-survey

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health problem disproportionately distributed across Nigeria. Cross river state (CRS), a tourist state, located in the Niger delta, has one of the highest prevalence rates. There is evidence that poor knowledge and stigmatization are obstacles to achieving universal access to HIV prevention programs. The objective of this study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of HIV among adults resident in CRS, Nigeria.

          Methods

          A cross sectional descriptive survey design was employed. A total of 1,620 healthy adults were recruited. KAP towards HIV was assessed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Categorical variables were described as frequencies and continuous variables as median and interquartile range. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine relationship between variables and median KAP scores. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. All analyses were performed using Stata 12 statistical package.

          Results

          A total of 1,465 respondents completed the questionnaire correctly giving a response rate of 91%. The M: F ratio was 1:1.8. The median age was 38 years. Majority was married and had formal education. Knowledge of HIV and common routes of transmission was high (>80%). However, misconception that HIV can be transmitted through hugging, hand shake, mosquito bites and witch craft was also common (> 60%). The overall attitude and practice towards persons living with HIV infection was poor.

          Conclusion

          This study showed misconceptions in the knowledge and consequences of HIV infection which is associated with negative attitude towards persons living with HIV.

          Most cited references29

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          Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among male high school students in Lao People's Democratic Republic

          Bounbouly Thanavanh, Md Harun-Or-Rashid, Hideki Kasuya … (2013)
          Introduction Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and risky practices are major hindrances to preventing the spread of HIV. This study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of high school students in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). Methods A cross-sectional study on unmarried male students aged between 16 and 19 years old was undertaken in 2010 to evaluate their KAPs. We selected 300 eligible grade VII students through systematic random sampling from different high schools in one province of Lao PDR. Results The majority of students surveyed were aware that HIV can be transmitted by sexual intercourse (97.7%), from mother to child (88.3%) and through sharing needles or syringes (92.0%). Misconceptions about transmission of HIV were observed among 59.3% to 74.3% of respondents. Positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS were observed among 55.7% of respondents. Nearly half of the surveyed students (45.3%) said that they would be willing to continue studying in a school with HIV-positive friends, and 124 (41.3%) said they would continue attending a school with HIV-positive teachers. Ninety-four (31.3%) students had a history of sexual intercourse, and 70.2% of these students had used a condom. However, only 43.9% said they used condoms consistently. Students with medium and high levels of knowledge were 4.3 (95% CI=2.1–9.0, P<0.001) and 13.3 (95% CI=6.5–27.4, P<0.001) times more likely to display positive attitudes towards people living with HIV. Similarly, safe practices related to safe sex were also observed among students with medium (OR=2.8, 95% CI=0.9–8.8, P=0.069) and high levels of knowledge (OR=1.9, 95% CI=0.6–6.2, P=0.284). More than three-quarters of students mentioned television and radio as major sources of information on HIV/AIDS. Conclusions Despite adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the school students, misconceptions about routes of transmission were found. Negative attitudes to HIV/AIDS and risky practices were also present. Educational programmes with specific interventions are recommended to increase KAPs and to prevent new HIV infections among students in Lao PDR.
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            Knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination reduction among nursing students in southwest Nigeria

            Adekunbi Farotimi, Chinomso Nwozichi, Tolulope Ojediran (2015)
            Background: One of the reported obstacles to the achievement of universal access to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention, treatment, care, and support programs includes stigma and discrimination from health workers, particularly nurses. Since nursing students would become future practising nurses and are most likely exposed to caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PL WHA) during their training, it is of great importance to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of student nurses toward the reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey research design was used. A total of 150 nursing students were selected using the simple random sampling technique of fish bowl method with replacement. Data were obtained using a self-administered (33-item) validated questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of student nurses with regard to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination reduction strategies. Reliability of the tool was tested using Cronbach alpha (R) yielding a reliability value of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages. Results: Majority (76.0%) of the respondents were females and 82.7% were married. Respondents were found to have high knowledge (94.0%) of strategies for reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. Also, 64% had moderate discriminatory attitude, 74% engaged in low discriminatory practice, while 26% engaged in high discriminatory practice. Conclusions: Student nurses had adequate knowledge about strategies for reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination; negative discriminatory attitude toward PLWHA and some form of discriminatory practices exist in participants’ training schools. It is, therefore, recommended that an educational package on reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination be developed and implemented for the participants.
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              A profile on HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among injecting drug users in Nigeria: should we be alarmed?

              George I Eluwa, Steffanie Strathdee, Samson Adebayo … (2013)
              Injecting drug use is now recognized as a significant risk factor for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated prevalence and correlates of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Nigeria. A cross sectional design using respondent driven sampling was conducted in six states in 2010. Weighted HIV prevalence and injecting risk behaviors calculated using RDS analytic tool. Logistic regression was used to determine correlates of HIV infection, stratified by state. Total numbers of IDUs ranged from 197 in Lagos to 273 in Cross River and Oyo states. HIV prevalence was highest in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at 9.3%, Kaduna 5.8%, Oyo 5.1%, Kano 4.9%, CR 3.3% and Lagos 3.0%. Although >90% of participants were male, females had higher HIV prevalence in all states surveyed except FCT (range: 7.4% in CR to 37.7% in Kano). Logistic regression showed that females were significantly more likely to be HIV positive in Kano [OR=33.2, 95% CI: 6.8-160.4], Oyo [AOR=15.9, 95% CI: 3.69-68.51], Lagos [OR=15.5, 95% CI: 2.41-99.5] and Kaduna states [AOR=19.6, 95% CI: 4.4-87.6]. For injecting risk behavior, only receptive sharing was associated with HIV [AOR=7.6, 95% CI: 1.2-48.7] and [AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92] in Oyo and Kaduna states respectively. Considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV and associated risk behaviors exist among IDUs across Nigeria. Females had higher HIV prevalence among IDUs in five of six states, suggesting a need for targeted interventions for this hidden subgroup. Further research is needed to understand HIV transmission dynamics of IDUs in Nigeria. Community-based opioid substitution therapy and needle exchange programs should be implemented without delay. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pan Afr Med J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pan Afr Med J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PAMJ
                Title: The Pan African Medical Journal
                Publisher: The African Field Epidemiology Network
                ISSN (Electronic): 1937-8688
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 27
                Electronic Location Identifier: 170
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Gastroenterology/Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                [2 ]Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                [3 ]Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                [4 ]Department of Chemical pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Uchenna Okonkwo, Gastroenterology/Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
                Article
                Publisher ID: PAMJ-27-170
                DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.170.12082
                PMC ID: 5579434
                SO-VID: 8ce9e688-e3cb-4346-b7ad-45c461ac780a
                Copyright © © Uchenna Okonkwo et al.
                License:

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 February 2017
                Date accepted : 12 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: hiv,knowledge,attitude and practice,nigeria
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: hiv, knowledge, attitude and practice, nigeria

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