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      Cavidad Oral: Torus palatinus y Torus mandibularis

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          Abstract

          Se presentan lesiones en la cavidad oral debidas a crecimientos oseos de tipo protuberancial conocidos como hiperostosis; que se encuentran principalmente a nivel del paladar oseo; torus palatinus (TP) y la región mandibular; torus mandibularis (TM).

          Translated abstract

          Lesions in the oral cavity due to protuberant bone growths known as hyperostosis, which in the oral cavity are found at the palate: torus palatinus (TP) and in the jaw area torus mandibularis. (TM).

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          Most cited references35

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          Palatine and mandibular tori. A morphologic study in the current Norwegian population.

          De Haugen (1992)
          Five thousand Norwegians, 2783 females and 2217 males, ranging in age from 16 to 89 years, have been screened for the presence of torus palatinus and/or torus mandibularis and analyzed with regard to size and shape of tori, sex, and age. The tori have been classified according to size as small, medium, and large. No measurements have been made, consistent with the view that these characteristics are non-metrical and should be assessed by means of a standard procedure. The prevalence figures of both tori were fairly low, in accordance with former reports. In torus palatinus there was female predominance, with a sex ratio of 5:3. In torus mandibularis the males were in majority, and the sex proportion was 4:3. In both sexes prevalence of the two tori was highest in the 35- to 65-year age group. Further analysis indicated in both tori a real correlation between prevalence and size and some correlation also between size and shape of torus palatinus but not of torus mandibularis. The figures of concurrence of the two tori were low, denoting a non-significant correlation. Still, the analysis showed that each torus occurred more than twice as frequently in an individual bearing the other torus. Torus morphoanalysis, explaining diverging patterns of clinical conduct in the two tori, and the relative weight of hereditary versus environmental factors as morphogenetic determinants of the condition, including a quasi-continuous genetic or threshold model, have contributed to shed new light on the torus phenomenon. The occurrence and propagation of torus mandibularis complies reasonably well with this model, and the present analysis indicates that even torus palatinus should appropriately be considered a threshold character.
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            Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis: a review of the literature.

            Stephen Seah (1995)
            The torus has been mentioned in the literature for about 180 years. However, little has been revealed about it until the last two decades when great advances were made in the field of genetics. Its occurrence in various ethnic groups ranges from 9 to 66 per cent. Even between similar ethnic groups living in different environments, different figures have been reported. It has been statistically proven that differences do occur between various ethnic groups and the sexes. In current thinking, the occurrence of tori is considered to be an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The quasi-continuous genetic or threshold model seems to hold the answers to their formation. This theory proposes that the environmental factors responsible must first reach a threshold level before the genetic factors can express themselves in the individual. Hence, both genetic and environmental factors determine liability, making the system multifactorial.
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              Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai.

              P Reichart, M Sookasem, F Neuhaus (1988)
              Torus palatinus (TP) was recorded in 13.5% of 1317 German patients (606 men, 711 women). There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes. Torus palatinus was found in 23.1% of 947 Thai (404 men, 543 women). The difference between the sexes was significant (P less than 0.001); women were affected in 28.5%, men showed a TP in 15.8%. The differences in prevalence rates between Germans and Thai was also statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Torus mandibularis (TM) was recorded in 5.2% of the German patients with 8.6% of the men and 2.4% of the women being affected (P less than 0.001). In the Thai, 9.4% of the men and 9% of the women showed TM. The difference between the prevalence rates in Germans and Thai was significant (P less than 0.001). While generally milder forms of tori were observed in German patients, marked forms of TM were also seen in this group. While the etiology of TP and TM is still no quite clear, racial factors must definitely be considered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): rgp
                Title: Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. gastroenterol. Perú
                Publisher: Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Perú (Lima )
                ISSN: 1022-5129
                Publication date (Print): October 2004
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 343-348
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1022-51292004000400007
                SO-VID: 8ce207b0-a730-4999-b786-0c9c2c920927
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Peru

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1022-5129&lng=en
                Categories
                Subject: GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
                Subject: HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
                Subject: MEDICAL ETHICS
                Subject: MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine,Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Internal medicine,Public health
                Keywords: Hyperostosis,torus palatinus,torus mandibularis,Hiperostosis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal medicine, Public health
                Keywords: Hyperostosis, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, Hiperostosis

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