Comparison of the Degree of Staining of Computer-Aided Design-Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) Ceramic Veneers by Green Tea, Coffee, and Coca-Cola Using a Digital Spectrophotometer

Abstract

Background

The majority of dental professionals currently recognize lithium disilicate E-max ceramic veneers as a the most widely used, conservative, and effective cosmetic materials in dentistry. This study aimed to compare the degree of surface changes – roughness (Ra), depth (Rz), and mean color changes (Δ E ₀₀ ) – of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneers materials of varying thicknesses caused by staining by green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola using digital spectrophotometer.

Material/Methods

This study was conducted at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) material was used to create 60 rectangular slices using the CAD/CAM system. The material thickness and the type of beverage were measured. The specimens were immersed in beverages according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Specimen description and tomography were completed with a 3D noncontact surface metrology using interferometry. The “VITA Easy-Shade” spectrophotometer was used to measure Δ E ₀₀ . It was recorded after 2 weeks for different material thicknesses after immersing samples in green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola staining materials.

Results

Significant changes in ceramic thickness were found in Ra and Rz of 0.07 and 1.00 mm after 14 days of staining. Coca-Cola showed a significant difference in Ra and Rz with 1.00 mm thickness measurement compared to the 0.07 mm group with ≤ of 0.05, which was considered statistically significant. Highest Δ E ₀₀ were recorded among samples stained by Coca-Cola, followed by coffee, for both thicknesses.

Conclusions

Those findings support previous studies using spectrophotometric analysis of staining of CAD-CAM ceramic veneers that Coca-Cola followed by coffee resulted in the greatest color Δ E ₀₀ change.