Estudio preliminar de la flora liquénica de Isla Mocha, sur de Chile

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Abstract

La micobiota liquenizada de Isla Mocha, sur de Chile, está representada por 76 especies en 30 géneros; el 38 % de las especies son endémicas del sur de Sudamérica. Xanthoria parietina, registrada en todas las zonas de muestreo, y Pseudocyphellaria malmeana recolectada sólo en el bosque de Aextoxicon punctatum, son las especies más representativas. Ramalina fastigiata constituye un nuevo registro para Chile.

Translated abstract

The lichenized mycobiota of Isla Mocha, southern Chile, includes 76 taxa in 30 genera; 38 % of the species are endemic to southern South America. Xanthoria parietina, found in all the collecting zones, and Pseudocyphellaria malmeana growing only on bark of Aextoxicon punctatum, are the most representative species. Ramalina fastigiata is a new record to Chile.

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Most cited references 53

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The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography.

Alan de Queiroz (2005)

Geographical distributions of terrestrial or freshwater taxa that are broken up by oceans can be explained by either oceanic dispersal or vicariance in the form of fragmentation of a previously contiguous landmass. The validation of plate-tectonics theory provided a global vicariance mechanism and, along with cladistic arguments for the primacy of vicariance, helped create a view of oceanic dispersal as a rare phenomenon and an explanation of last resort. Here, I describe recent work that suggests that the importance of oceanic dispersal has been strongly underestimated. In particular, molecular dating of lineage divergences favors oceanic dispersal over tectonic vicariance as an explanation for disjunct distributions in a wide variety of taxa, from frogs to beetles to baobab trees. Other evidence, such as substantial gene flow among island populations of Anolis lizards, also indicates unexpectedly high frequencies of oceanic dispersal. The resurrection of oceanic dispersal is the most striking aspect of a major shift in historical biogeography toward a more even balance between vicariance and dispersal explanations. This new view implies that biotas are more dynamic and have more recent origins than had been thought previously. A high frequency of dispersal also suggests that a fundamental methodological assumption of many biogeographical studies--that vicariance is a priori a more probable explanation than dispersal--needs to be re-evaluated and perhaps discarded.