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      Infección por Acinetobacter spp. en Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández de Matanzas. 2011-2012 Translated title: Infection by Acinetobacter spp. in the University Hospital "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández" of Matanzas. 2011-2012

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          Abstract

          Las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria constituyen un grave problema de la salud pública a nivel mundial por su frecuencia y elevada mortalidad. El Acinetobacter spp. en la última década ha emergido como importante patógeno oportunista nosocomial. Dentro de estas especies, A. baumanii es la principal especie que se aisla hasta en 92 % de las bacteriemias nosocomiales. La mayoría de los reportes de bacteriemia nosocomial por A. baumanii (B Ab) son de brotes en unidades de cuidados intensivos de pacientes adultos. Se ha reportado el incremento de la resistencia a antimicrobianos de este germen. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal acerca de la infección por Acinetobacter spp. en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, del municipio de Matanzas, entre los meses de octubre de 2011 a julio de 2012. Teniendo en cuenta la ausencia de un estudio anterior en Matanzas sobre infección por este microorganismo, se decidió identificar la incidencia de Acinetobacter spp. según muestra biológica y servicio de procedencia e identificar la sensibilidad/resistencia del mismo, lo cual permitirá instaurar un tratamiento eficaz a los pacientes portadores de esta bacteria atendiendo al patrón de susceptibilidad encontrado en el estudio. La especie más frecuente fue A. baumanii, fundamentalmente en secreción endotraqueal y hemocultivo, procedentes en su mayoría de UTI, siendo este servicio el que aportó más cantidad de cepas MDR. Se encontró una mayor sensibilidad a antimicrobianos no considerados de primera línea como doxiciclina, tetraciclina y trimetropim-sulfametoxazol.

          Translated abstract

          Infections associated to the sanitary care are serious public health problems at the international level because of their frequency and high mortality. In the last ten years, Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as an important nosocomial opportunistic pathogen. Among these species, A. baumanii (B Ab) is the main isolated species covering as many as 92 % of the nosocomial bacteremias. Most of the reports of nosocomial bacteremias by A. baumanii (B Ab) are outbreaks in adult patient intensive care units. It has been reported a boost of this germ antimicrobial resistance. We carried out a cross sectional, descriptive, observational study on Acinetobacter spp. infection, in the University Hospital “Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández” of Matanzas municipality, from October 2011 to July 2012. Taking into account the absence of a previous study in Matanzas on infections caused by this microorganism, we decided identifying the Acinetobacter spp. incidence according to biological samples and coming-from service and identifying its sensibility/resistance, allowing the instauration of the efficacious treatment of the patients who carry this bacterium, considering the susceptibility pattern found in the study. The most frequently found species was A. baumanii, mainly in endotracheal secretions and hemo-cultures, most of them coming from Intensive Therapy Units, being this service the one contributing with more quantity of multidrug resistant stocks. We found a bigger sensibility to antimicrobials that are not considered first line ones like doxycycline, tetracycline and trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole.

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          Most cited references21

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          Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen.

          Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly troublesome pathogen for many institutions globally. As a consequence of its immense ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants, it has justifiably been propelled to the forefront of scientific attention. Apart from its predilection for the seriously ill within intensive care units, A. baumannii has more recently caused a range of infectious syndromes in military personnel injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. This review details the significant advances that have been made in our understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.
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            Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter spp.: Increasingly Problematic Nosocomial Pathogens

            Pathogenic bacteria have increasingly been resisting to antimicrobial therapy. Recently, resistance problem has been relatively much worsened in Gram-negative bacilli. Acinetobacter spp. are typical nosocomial pathogens causing infections and high mortality, almost exclusively in compromised hospital patients. Acinetobacter spp. are intrinsically less susceptible to antibiotics than Enterobacteriaceae, and have propensity to acquire resistance. A surveillance study in Korea in 2009 showed that resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. were very high: to fluoroquinolone 67%, to amikacin 48%, to ceftazidime 66% and to imipenem 51%. Carbapenem resistance was mostly due to OXA type carbapenemase production in A. baumannii isolates, whereas it was due to metallo-β-lactamase production in non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates. Colistin-resistant isolates were rare but started to be isolated in Korea. Currently, the infection caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is among the most difficult ones to treat. Analysis at tertiary care hospital in 2010 showed that among the 1,085 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 14.9% and 41.8% were resistant to seven, and to all eight antimicrobial agents tested, respectively. It is known to be difficult to prevent Acinetobacter spp. infection in hospitalized patients, because the organisms are ubiquitous in hospital environment. Efforts to control resistant bacteria in Korea by hospitals, relevant scientific societies and government agencies have only partially been successful. We need concerted multidisciplinary efforts to preserve the efficacy of currently available antimicrobial agents, by following the principles of antimicrobial stewardship.
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              Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania.

              A total of 49 unique clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii identified at a tertiary medical center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between August 2006 and September 2007 were studied for the genetic basis of their MDR phenotype. Approximately half of all A. baumannii clinical isolates identified during this period qualified as MDR, defined by nonsusceptibility to three or more of the antimicrobials routinely tested in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Among the MDR isolates, 18.4% were resistant to imipenem. The frequencies of resistance to amikacin and ciprofloxacin were high at 36.7% and 95.9%, respectively. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin or tigecycline. The presence of the carbapenemase gene bla(OXA-23) and the 16S rRNA methylase gene armA predicted high-level resistance to imipenem and amikacin, respectively. bla(OXA-23) was preceded by insertion sequence ISAba1, which likely provided a potent promoter activity for the expression of the carbapenemase gene. The structure of the transposon defined by ISAba1 differed from those reported in Europe, suggesting that ISAba1-mediated acquisition of bla(OXA-23) may occur as an independent event. Typical substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes were observed in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, including the qnr genes, were not identified. Fifty-nine percent of the MDR isolates belonged to a single clonal group over the course of the study period, as demonstrated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rme
                Revista Médica Electrónica
                Rev.Med.Electrón.
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas (Matanzas, , Cuba )
                1684-1824
                February 2014
                : 36
                : 1
                : 3-14
                Affiliations
                [01] Matanzas orgnameHospital Ginecobstétrico Provincial Docente Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina Cuba
                Article
                S1684-18242014000100002 S1684-1824(14)03600102
                8bdff1c5-2fba-4f12-9eba-d39c2e5ac62d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 September 2013
                : 08 December 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                A. baumannii,resistance mechanisms,sensibility studies,multidrug resistance,A. baumanii,estudios de sensibilidad,mecanismos de resistencia,multidrogo resistencia

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