Digital panoramic radiography: An overview

A new system of computed radiography that is based on new concepts and the latest computer technologies has been developed. This system eliminates the drawbacks of conventional screen-film radiography. The basic principle of the system is the conversion of the x-ray energy pattern into digital signals utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence (SLSL).

In 1982, the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) formed a committee to develop standards for the interconnection of digital imaging devices. Version 1.0 of the standard, published in 1985, specifies a hardware interface supporting point-to-point (not network) image transmission, a data dictionary (a set of rules for encoding information), and a set of commands to initiate transactions. Version 2.0, published in 1988, also addresses point-to-point image transmission and provides semantic rules by which messages (streams of bits representing information in transit from one device to another) are organized. Version 3.0, also referred to as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine), will be finalized in 1992. The DICOM standard encourages open systems interconnection of imaging equipment over standard networks, while maintaining compatibility with earlier point-to-point connection standards. The DICOM standard conforms fully with the International Standards Organization reference model for network communications (ISORM), addresses the issue of conformance, and incorporates the concept of object-oriented design.

With rapidly developing technology, conventional dental radiography is being overtaken by a revolution in digital radiography. In recent years the emphasis has been on indirect digital radiography involving the conversion of conventional film radiographs into digital images. This stage has been useful in helping the research and development of direct digital radiography which is now coming to the fore. Using this technique, direct images are acquired in the dental practice. These images can be manipulated, enhanced, stored and exchanged for referral and other purposes, making them of great potential use. In addition to the direct clinical and diagnostic benefits, the techniques also have distinct environmental advantages including less use of resources and reduced radiation dosages.