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      Cistectomía parcial y cáncer vesical

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          Abstract

          La cistectomía parcial es una técnica quirúrgica muy empleada en nuestro medio para la resolución de las neoplasias vesicales. En los años 70 fueron publicados múltiples trabajos donde se evaluaba su eficacia e indicaciones, para quedar estas últimas bien establecidas. Las tendencias internacionales han evolucionado en los últimos 10 años hacia la cirugía radical y la sustitución vesical; la experiencia acumulada hasta la actualidad ha llevado a muchas autoridades en la materia a cuestionarse sobre la utilidad de ser tan agresivos con estos pacientes, reducir su calidad de vida y descubrir que pueden tener recidivas locales a pesar de los extremo del tratamiento. Con el objetivo de conocer la supervivencia en 5 años de los pacientes sometidos a cistectomía parcial y que no recibieron tratamiento coadyuvante, se revisaron los pacientes intervenidos mediante cistectomía parcial para neoplasias vesicales primarias durante 1984 y 1985 en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital "Calixto García". También se muestra la mortalidad operatoria, las complicaciones quirúrgicas y se comparan con otros estudios publicados. La mortalidad operatoria fue del 9,09 %, la principal causa el sangramiento digestivo alto. La supervivencia bruta, del 59 % a los 5 años; los pacientes con mejor supervivencia presentaban tumores en estadios T1 y T2, con grados de diferenciación entre G-I y G-II. Se concluye que la cistectomía parcial es una alternativa útil en el tratamiento primario de las neoplasias vesicales y que su eficacia aumenta con el empleo de terapias coadyuvantes y con un buen estadiamiento preoperatorio

          Translated abstract

          Partial cystectomy is a surgical technique frequently used in our environment for the resolution of bladder neoplasms. During 1970s a great deal of medical papers were published in which the efficacy of and the indications for this technique were assessed. The latter being well established. International trends have evolved during the last 10 years towards radical surgery and the replacement of the bladder. The experience gained during these years up to the present has made many authorities in this matter to question about the utility of being so agressive with these patients, reducing the quality of their lifes, and to discover that patients may develop local recurrences despite such agressive treatment. With the aim of knowing the survival in 5 years of patients who underwent a partial cystectomy and who did not received adjuvant therapy, subjects operated on by this technique for primary bladder neoplasms during 1984 and 1985 at the Urology Department of "Calixto García" hospital were assessed. In addition, the operative mortality rate and surgical complications are shown and compared to the ones of other studies published. The operative mortality rate was of 9.09 %, and the main cause of death was found to be the upper digestive bleeding. The gross survival rate was 59 % at 5 years, and patients presenting with the best survival rate had tumors in T1 and T2 stages with differentiation degrees between G-I and G-II. It is concluded that partial cystectomy is a useful alternative for the primary treatment of bladder neoplasms and that its efficacy increases with the use of adjuvant therapies and with a good preoperative tumor staging

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          Most cited references15

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          Partial cystectomy in the treatment of primary and secondary carcinoma of the bladder.

          We reviewed 50 patients who had undergone partial cystectomy for primary carcinoma of the bladder. Specific indications and operative technique are discussed. The 5-year survival rate was 67% for patients with stages O and A disease, 53% for stage B and 20% for stages C and D1. Survival was improved for patients with tumors on the posterior bladder wall. Patients in whom free margins of resection were accomplished for unifocal disease had longer survival, with a diminished propensity for developing recurrent bladder cancer. There was no hospital mortality and postoperative complications were minimal. An additional 12 patients underwent partial cystectomy for adjacent carcinomas secondarily invading the bladder with less favorable results.
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            Partial cystectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

            Between 1950 and 1974, 35 men and 10 women underwent partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Indications, contraindications and the principles of technique for partial cystectomy as therapy for transitional cell tumors of the bladder are discussed. All patients were evaluated postoperatively, with cystoscopic examination every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years and then at yearly intervals if no tumors had been detected. None of the patients received preoperative irradiation. Eight ureters were re-implanted and 6 prostate glands were enucleated at the time of partial cystectomy. There was 1 death in the immediate postoperative period. Complications developed in 13 patients, 3 of which were considered major. When recurrences were noted appropriate therapy was performed as indicated. Irradiation was the most commonly used method to treat distant metastases. The over-all 5-year survival rate is 57.7% (26 patients). Thirty-four patients were followed for 10 years. The survival rate for this group of patients was 32.4% (11 patients). The results of this study correlate well with other published reports.
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              Partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

              Partial cystectomy was performed for urothelium-derived bladder carcinoma in 55 patients in the period 1958-78. Ureteral re-implantation was done in 14 cases. The operative mortality was 7.3%. The five-year and ten-year survival rates were, respectively, 47.1 and 35.4%. The series was subdivided according to grade and T-stage of the tumours. The patients with a grade I or II tumour had significantly better survival rates than those with a grade III or IV tumour. T1 tumours had a more favourable outcome than T2 or T3 tumours, though the difference was not statistically significant. The ten-year prognosis was best when the tumour measured less than 1 cm, but tumour size did not otherwise influence the result. The tumour recurred in 32 (58%) of the patients, in 25 of them within 2 years of operation. The attractions of partial cystectomy include avoidance of urinary diversion and possibility of later, more radical surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is recommended in order to reduce the operative mortality and morbidity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cir
                Revista Cubana de Cirugía
                Rev Cubana Cir
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7493
                1561-2945
                April 1997
                : 36
                : 1
                : 47-52
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameInstituto de Nefrología
                [02] orgnamePoliclínico 19 de Abril
                Article
                S0034-74931997000100009 S0034-7493(97)03600109
                8ba4f74d-619e-4e6e-a458-86110fe64c7e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 February 1996
                : 16 February 1996
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULO ORIGINALES

                CISTECTOMIA,NEOPLASMAS DE LA VEJIGA,COMPLICACIONES POSOPERATORIAS,SUPERVIVENCIA SIN ENFERMEDAD,ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS,CYSTECTOMY,BLADDER NEOPLASMS,POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS,DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL,RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES

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