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      Uso tradicional de plantas medicinales con acción diurética en el Municipio de Quemado de Güines, Cuba

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          Abstract

          La flora de Cuba es muy rica en plantas medicinales, de las cuales se reportan aproximadamente 179 especies que la población utiliza para fines diuréticos, sin embargo, un gran número de ellas carece de validación experimental de su efecto farmacológico. El presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de documentar la importancia relativa de las especies medicinales más empleadas con fines diuréticos en el municipio de Quemado de Güines de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Se realizó un estudio etnobotánico en dos comunidades pertenecientes a ese municipio, para lo cual se realizó un muestreo a un total de 85 habitantes, y se aplicó aleatoriamente 80 encuestas a conocedores de plantas y 5 entrevistas entre yerberos y médicos practicantes de medicina tradicional, los cuales nos indicaron las plantas más utilizadas con estos fines en las comunidades estudiadas. La información etnofarmacológica fue registrada mediante la metodología TRAMIL y las especies de interés fueron identificadas y depositadas en el Herbario de la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Los datos se analizaron mediante los índices cuantitativos de valor de uso para cada especie (IVU) y el nivel de uso significativo (UST). Este indicador expresa que aquellos usos medicinales que son citados con una frecuencia superior o igual al 20%, por las personas encuestadas pueden considerarse significativos desde el punto de vista de su aceptación cultural y, por lo tanto, merecen su validación científica en Cuba. Se identificaron 26 especies medicinales agrupadas en 19 familias botánicas y se encontraron 10 plantas con un mayor nivel de uso significativo y un mayor IVU. El 53.8% de las plantas reportadas como diuréticas no se han validado experimentalmente en Cuba, el resto de las especies identificadas han sido estudiadas a nivel preclínico, pero aún no está autorizado su empleo como fitomedicamento.

          Translated abstract

          Tradicional use of medicinal plants with diuretic properties at Quemado de Güines Municipality, Cuba. Medicinal plants are highly rich in Cuba and an amount of 179 species have been reported to be used by the population for diuretic purposes, nevertheless, no experimental validation has supported this effect. This study presents the relative importance of the medicinal plant species most widely used for diuretic purposes in two communities of Quemado de Guines Municipality, Villa Clara province. The information was obtained through the application of an interview to 85 inhabitants, from which 80 were random surveys to people with a great knowledge of plants, and five to herbalists and doctors practicing natural medicine. The etnopharmacological information was registered (gathered) by means of the "Tradicional of the Medicine of the Island" (TRAMIL) methodology and the interesting species were identified by a botanist and deposited in the Herbarium of the Central University "Marta Abreu" from Villa Clara, registered in the Index Herbarium, published periodically by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. The data was analyzed by means of the indexes of use values and significant use level after TRAMIL. From the total of 19 botanical families, 26 medicinal species were identified, and 10 plants resulted with higher significant use and higher indexes of use values. From the plants reported as diuretics, 53.8% have not been experimentally validated in Cuba, the rest of the identified species have been validated at a preclinical level in some centers in the country, but its use have not been authorized as phytochemicals by the Cuban Regulatory Agency. The documentation related to the use of medicinal plants in the studied areas reveals that the traditional knowledge continues deeply rooted in the communities, and popular wisdom is kept through the representative images of the herbalist and people with considerable knowledge about this topic. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1859-1867. Epub 2011 December 01.

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          Most cited references37

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          Plantas medicinales, aromáticas o venosas de Cuba

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            Ethnopharmacology and systems biology: a perfect holistic match.

            Traditional medical doctors often apply a holistic approach in prescribing medicines to the patient. Each individual patient gets his own optimalized medicine, usually a mixture of different ingredients. The present day paradigm of drug development of , is based on a super reductionist approach which involves mostly tests of compounds at the molecular level in, e.g., receptor binding assays. This approach is not the best for studies on traditional medicines. A more holistic approach using systems biology seems much more suited to proof efficacy and to obtain information that might lead to understanding the mode of action. Synergy, prodrugs, novel targets, all these might be detected by a systems biology approach whereas the reductioinist approach only will recognize activity on already known targets, and will not detect synergism and prodrugs. Metabolomics will be a major tool in recognizing compounds connected with activity in the traditional medicines, and will also be very useful in recognizing the effect on the test organism, which can be the patient in case of clinical trials with well established traditional medicines.
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              Ethnobotany: A Method Manual

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José )
                0034-7744
                December 2011
                : 59
                : 4
                : 1859-1867
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara Cuba
                [2 ] Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas Cuba
                [3 ] Sede Universitaria Municipal de Qüemado de Güines
                [4 ] Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana Cuba
                [5 ] Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas Cuba
                Article
                S0034-77442011000400035
                8b682a04-5089-43f2-af83-e7c444bfd5ce

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7744&lng=en
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation
                Biology

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology
                ethnobotanic,medicinal plant,diuretic,traditional knowledge,Quemado de Güines,etnobotánica,plantas medicinales,diuréticos,conocimiento tradicional

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