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      Projeto de ter filhos: uma revisão da literatura científica nacional e internacional Translated title: Project of having children: a review of national and international scientific literature Translated title: Los planes de tener hijos: una revisión de la literatura científica nacional e internacional

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          Abstract

          Nas sociedades ocidentais, o tema do projeto de ter filhos tem ganhado destaque devido à redução das taxas de natalidade e o adiamento da parentalidade, o que tem trazido repercussões sociais, políticas e econômicas, além de implicações para o âmbito da saúde física e mental. Nesse contexto, buscamos compreender como o projeto de ter ou não filhos vem sendo investigado na literatura científica nacional e internacional. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática realizada no período de 2009 a 2014, foram selecionados 18 artigos. Os estudos analisados indicam a possibilidade de escolha entre ter ou não filhos; a entrada da figura masculina nesse âmbito; o estabelecimento de pré-condições que configuram o momento certo para ter filhos; além dos conflitos e ambivalências que permeiam esse processo de escolha. Observamos que os estudos internacionais focalizam a tomada de decisão dos indivíduos e visam a promoção de políticas públicas, enquanto os trabalhos nacionais buscam compreender fenômenos recentes, como a opção de não ter filhos. Destaca-se assim, a relevância do tema e a necessidade de sua exploração no âmbito da pesquisa nacional, em busca da apreensão dos novos sentidos que emergem do relacionamento conjugal e familiar.

          Translated abstract

          In Western societies, the theme about the project of having children has gained prominence due to the reduction in birth rate and the postponement of parenthood, which has caused social, political and economic repercussions, as well as implications for the physical and mental health. In this context, this study aimed to comprehend how the project of having children or not has been investigated in the national and international scientific literature. We carried out a systematic review for the period 2009 to 2014, with 18 articles being selected. The studies analyzed indicate a choice between having children or not; the entry of the male figure into this area; the establishment of preconditions that make up the right time to have children; and conflicts that permeate this process of choice. The international studies focus on the process of choice and aimed to promote public polices, while the national researchers sought to understand recent phenomena such as the option not to have children. Therefore, we emphasize the relevance of the theme and the need for studies in the national context, search for new meanings that emerge from marital and family relationships.

          Translated abstract

          En las sociedades occidentales, el tema de tener hijos há ganado atención debido a las tasas de natalidad más bajas y el postergación de la parentalidad, que ha traído repercusiones sociales, políticas y económicas, así como las implicaciones para el ámbito de la salud física y mental. En este contexto, se busca entender cómo los planes para tener hijos o no se investigan en la literatura científica nacional e internacional. A través de una revisión sistemática realizada de 2009 a 2014, se seleccionaron 18 artículos. Los estudios analizados indican la posibilidad de elegir entre tener hijos o no; la entrada de la figura masculina en esta área; el establecimiento de condiciones previas que integran el momento adecuado para tener hijos; además de los conflictos que atraviesan este proceso de elección. Observamos que los estudios internacionales centran se en el proceso de elección y son destinadas a la promoción de políticas públicas, mientras que los esfuerzos nacionales tratan de comprender los fenómenos recientes, como la decisión de no tener hijos. Cabe destacar de esta manera la importancia de la cuestión y su explotación en la pesquisa nacional, en busca de los nuevos significados que emergen de las relaciones matrimoniales y familiares.

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          On a new schedule: transitions to adulthood and family change.

          Frank Furstenberg examines how the newly extended timetable for entering adulthood is affecting, and being affected by, the institution of the Western, particularly the American, family. He reviews a growing body of research on the family life of young adults and their parents and draws out important policy implications of the new schedule for the passage to adulthood. Today, says Furstenberg, home-leaving, marriage, and the onset of childbearing take place much later in the life span than they did during the period after World War II. After the disappearance of America's well-paying unskilled and semi-skilled manufacturing jobs during the 1960s, youth from all economic strata began remaining in school longer and marrying and starting their own families later. Increasing numbers of lower-income women did not marry at all but chose, instead, non-marital parenthood-often turning to their natal families for economic and social support, rather than to their partners. As the period of young adults' dependence on their families grew longer, the financial and emotional burden of parenthood grew heavier. Today, regardless of their income level, U.S. parents provide roughly the same proportion of their earnings to support their young adult children. Unlike many nations in Europe, the United States, with its relatively underdeveloped welfare system, does not invest heavily in education, health care, and job benefits for young adults. It relies, instead, on families' investments in their own adult children. But as the transition to adulthood becomes more protracted, the increasing family burden may prove costly to society as a whole. Young adults themselves may begin to regard childbearing as more onerous and less rewarding. The need to provide greater support for children for longer periods may discourage couples from having additional children or having children at all. Such decisions could lead to lower total fertility, ultimately reduce the workforce, and furthdr aggravate the problem of providing both for increasing numbers of the elderly and for the young. U.S. policy makers must realize the importance of reinforcing the family nest and helping reduce the large and competing demands that are being placed on today's parents.
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            'Informed and uninformed decision making'--women's reasoning, experiences and perceptions with regard to advanced maternal age and delayed childbearing: a meta-synthesis.

            To identify what factors affect women's decisions to delay childbearing, and to explore women's experiences and their perceptions of associated risks. Systematic procedures were used for search strategy, study selection, data extraction and analysis. Findings were synthesised using an approach developed from meta-ethnography. We included qualitative papers, not confined to geographical area (1980-2009). Databases included CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, ASSIA, MIDIRS, British Nursing Index and the National Research Register. We selected qualitative empirical studies exploring the views and experiences of women of advanced maternal age who were childless or primigravidae with a singleton pregnancy or primiparous. Twelve papers fulfilled the selection criteria and were included for synthesis. Women appear to face an issue of 'informed and uninformed decision making'; those who believe they are informed but may not be, those who are not informed and find out they are at risk once pregnant, and those who are well informed but choose to delay pregnancy anyway. Maternity services could provide information to enable informed choice regarding timing of childbearing. Health professionals need to be mindful of the fact that women delay childbearing for various reasons. A strategy of pre-conception education may be beneficial in informing childbearing decisions. Obstetricians and midwives should be sensitive to the fact that women may not be aware of all the risks associated with delayed childbearing. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Maternidade: transformações na família e nas relações de gênero

              Este artigo faz uma reflexão sociológica das mudanças mais marcantes nos padrões e experiências da maternidade contemporânea, com base em estudos e pesquisas existentes, buscando situar o debate que tem sido construído em torno desse processo. Pressupõe que a escolha da maternidade é um fenômeno moderno consolidado no decorrer do séc. XX com o avanço da industrialização e da urbanização. Com mais acesso à educação formal e à formação profissional, as mulheres vão ocupar o espaço público, mantendo a responsabilidade da criação do(a)s filho(a)s, o que fez a maternidade se tornar uma escolha reflexiva, possibilitada pela contracepção (e concepção) moderna. Entretanto, essa escolha é marcada pelas relações de classe, de raça/etnia e de gênero. Conclui que estamos vivendo um período de transição para um novo modelo de família e maternidade, cujo substrato é o ideal de eqüidade na responsabilidade parental que, apesar dos avanços, ainda está longe de ser alcançado.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tp
                Temas em Psicologia
                Temas psicol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                1413-389X
                March 2017
                : 25
                : 1
                : 207-220
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas SP orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Programa de Pós Graduação em Psicologia como Profissão e Ciência Brasil
                Article
                S1413-389X2017000100014 S1413-389X(17)02500100014
                10.9788/TP2017.1-14Pt
                8b02957e-3fde-4c5b-a276-91d1aec16c45

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 December 2016
                : 04 May 2015
                : 21 February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Artigos

                matrimonio,contemporaneidad,revisión de literatura,Parentalidade,conjugalidade,contemporaneidade,revisão de literatura,Parenthood,conjugality,contemporaneity,literature review,Parentalidad

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