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      Terapia complexa descongestiva com uso de material alternativo na redução e controle do linfedema em pacientes de área endêmica de filariose: um ensaio clínico Translated title: Terapia compleja descongestiva con el empleo de material alternativo reduce y controla el linfedema en pacientes de zonas endémicas de filariasis: estudio clínico Translated title: Complex decongestant therapy with use of alternative material to reduce and control lymphedema in patients with endemic area of filariasis: a clinical trial

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A filariose linfática põe em risco bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre o impacto da morbidade crônica da doença, como o linfedema. A terapia complexa descongestiva apresenta-se como padrão ouro para tratar linfedemas, mas ainda não existem protocolos viáveis para implementação em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste ensaio clínico foi avaliar a eficácia dessa técnica, com o uso de material alternativo, e comparar seus efeitos na qualidade de vida, funcionalidade e peso corporal. Os grupos intervenção e controle foram avaliados por meio de perimetria e cálculo do volume dos membros, do questionário de qualidade de vida Whoqol-bref, do teste de funcionalidade e mobilidade de membros inferiores Timed Up and Go e avaliação do peso corporal. O grupo intervenção recebeu a terapia complexa descongestiva duas vezes por semana, durante dez semanas, utilizando-se um material alternativo para o enfaixamento, confeccionado com tecido de cambraia, o que apresenta baixo custo em relação às faixas importadas. O grupo controle recebeu palestra com informações sobre a doença e orientações de cuidados e higiene dos membros. A amostra foi composta por trinta pacientes com idade média de 50,8±10 anos, sendo 52,9% mulheres. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Multivariate analysis of variance, teste de Wilcoxon e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A significância adotada foi de 5% (p<0,05). Houve redução significativa do volume e perimetria do linfedema no grupo intervenção, e aumentou no grupo controle. A funcionalidade não apresentou melhora significativa na avaliação pelo teste Timed Up and Go. A qualidade de vida teve melhora significativa nos domínios físico e meio ambiente no grupo intervenção. O efeito do tratamento no peso corporal também foi significativo, apresentando redução no grupo controle e intergrupos. A terapia complexa descongestiva mostrou-se eficaz na redução e no controle do linfedema e impactou de maneira positiva, aumentando os valores numéricos dos aspectos físico e meio ambiente da qualidade de vida do grupo intervenção.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN La filariasis linfática presenta riesgo para muchas personas en el mundo. Pero poco se sabe acerca del impacto de la morbilidad crónica de esta enfermedad, como es el linfedema. Y surge la terapia compleja descongestiva como la forma de tratarlo, pero todavía no hay protocolos que le posibilite su implementación en países en desarrollo. Este estudio clínico tiene el propósito de valorar la eficacia de esta técnica, con el empleo de material alternativo, y de comparar sus efectos en la calidad de vida, funcionalidad y peso corporal. Se evaluaron a los grupos intervención y control a través de medición y cálculo del volumen de los miembros, de cuestionario de calidad de vida Whoqol-Bref, de la prueba de funcionalidad y movilidad de los miembros inferiores Timed Up and Go y la evaluación del peso corporal. El grupo intervención hizo la terapia compleja descongestiva dos veces a la semana, durante diez semanas, y utilizó un material alternativo, el linón, para el vendaje, lo que mostró ser de bajo costo en comparación a otras vendas importadas. El grupo control vio una charla que exponía informaciones sobre la enfermedad y sobre los cuidados e higienización de los miembros. Treinta pacientes con promedio de edad de 50,8±10 años formaron la muestra, con un 52,9% de participantes mujeres. En el análisis estadístico se emplearon las pruebas t de Student, Multivariate analysis of variance, la prueba de Wilcoxon y Kolmogorov-Smirnov. El nivel de significación ha sido de 5% (p<0,05). Se observó una significativa reducción en el volumen y en la medición del linfedema en el grupo intervención, pero había aumentado en el grupo control. La funcionalidad no ha presentado mejora en la evaluación por la prueba Timed Up and Go. La calidad de vida ha presentado mejora en los dominios físico y medioambiente en el grupo intervención. El efecto del tratamiento en el peso corporal también ha sido significativo por presentar reducción en el grupo control e intergrupal. La terapia compleja descongestiva puede ser eficaz en la reducción y en el control del linfedema, además de aumentar positivamente los valores en los dominios físico y medioambiente de la calidad de vida del grupo intervención.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Lymphatic filariasis puts billions of people around the world at risk. Despite this, little is known about the impact of chronic disease morbidity, such as lymphedema. The complex decongestant therapy is a gold standard for treating lymphedemas, but there are no viable protocols for implementation in developing countries. The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of this technique with the use of alternative material and compare its effects on quality of life, functionality and body weight. The intervention and control groups were evaluated using perimetry and limb volume calculation, the Whoqol-bref quality of life questionnaire, the Functional and Mobility test of the lower limbs Timed Up and Go, and body weight assessment. The intervention group received the complex decongestant therapy twice a week for ten weeks, using an alternative material for the bandaging, made with cambric tissue, which presents low cost in relation to the imported bands. The control group received a lecture with information about the disease and care and hygiene guidelines of the members. The sample consisted of thirty patients with a mean age of 50.8 ± 10 years, 52.9% of whom were women. In the statistical analysis, Student's t test, Multivariate analysis of variance, Wilcoxon test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. The significance was 5% (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in lymphedema volume and perimetry in the intervention group, and increased in the control group. The functionality did not show significant improvement in the evaluation by the Timed Up and Go test. The quality of life had significant improvement in the physical and environmental domains in the intervention group. The effect of treatment on body weight was also significant, presenting reduction in the control group and intergroups. Complex decongestant therapy was effective in reducing and controlling lymphedema and positively impacted, increasing the numerical values of the physical and environmental aspects of the quality of life of the intervention group.

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          A systematic review of common conservative therapies for arm lymphoedema secondary to breast cancer treatment.

          Secondary arm lymphoedema is a chronic and distressing condition which affects a significant number of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. A number of health professional and patient instigated conservative therapies have been developed to help with this condition, but their comparative benefits are not clearly known. This systematic review undertook a broad investigation of commonly instigated conservative therapies for secondary arm lymphoedema including; complex physical therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, pneumatic pumps, oral pharmaceuticals, low level laser therapy, compression bandaging and garments, limb exercises and limb elevation. It was found that the more intensive and health professional based therapies, such as complex physical therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, pneumatic pump and laser therapy generally yielded the greater volume reductions, whilst self instigated therapies such as compression garment wear, exercises and limb elevation yielded smaller reductions. All conservative therapies produced improvements in subjective arm symptoms and quality of life issues, where these were measured. Despite the identified benefits, there is still the need for large scale, high level clinical trials in this area.
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            Impact on the quality of life of lymphoedema patients following introduction of a hygiene and skin care regimen in a Guyanese community endemic for lymphatic filariasis: A preliminary clinical intervention study

            Background Hygiene and skin care are effective and important interventions in the management of lymphoedema secondary to lymphatic filariasis. We analyzed the impact on the quality of life that education and introduction of a designated nurse had on lymphoedema patients in a community that was endemic for lymphatic filariasis. Methods Patients' life quality was assessed using a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. At the same time they received education on appropriate hygiene, skin care techniques and simple exercises that encourage lymph drainage. A designated nurse was provided with educational materials and treatments. The DLQI life quality measure was repeated one year later. Results The DLQI improved for all patients and reported acute attacks were reduced. A paired t-test showed the improvement in DLQI to be highly significant (P = < 0.0001). Conclusions A nurse-led service combined with patient education in communities endemic for lymphatic filariasis is an effective intervention in improving the quality of life of patients with lymphoedema.
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              Systematic review: conservative treatments for secondary lymphedema

              Background Several conservative (i.e., nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical) treatments exist for secondary lymphedema. The optimal treatment is unknown. We examined the effectiveness of conservative treatments for secondary lymphedema, as well as harms related to these treatments. Methods We searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials®, AMED, and CINAHL from 1990 to January 19, 2010. We obtained English- and non-English-language randomized controlled trials or observational studies (with comparison groups) that reported primary effectiveness data on conservative treatments for secondary lymphedema. For English-language studies, we extracted data in tabular form and summarized the tables descriptively. For non-English-language studies, we summarized the results descriptively and discussed similarities with the English-language studies. Results Thirty-six English-language and eight non-English-language studies were included in the review. Most of these studies involved upper-limb lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. Despite lymphedema's chronicity, lengths of follow-up in most studies were under 6 months. Many trial reports contained inadequate descriptions of randomization, blinding, and methods to assess harms. Most observational studies did not control for confounding. Many studies showed that active treatments reduced the size of lymphatic limbs, although extensive between-study heterogeneity in areas such as treatment comparisons and protocols, and outcome measures, prevented us from assessing whether any one treatment was superior. This heterogeneity also precluded us from statistically pooling results. Harms were rare (< 1% incidence) and mostly minor (e.g., headache, arm pain). Conclusions The literature contains no evidence to suggest the most effective treatment for secondary lymphedema. Harms are few and unlikely to cause major clinical problems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fp
                Fisioterapia e Pesquisa
                Fisioter. Pesqui.
                Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2316-9117
                September 2016
                : 23
                : 3
                : 268-277
                Affiliations
                [2] Recife orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães orgdiv2Serviço de Referência Nacional em Filarioses Brazil
                [3] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Fisioterapia Brazil
                [1] Recife PE orgnameFaculdade Estácio do Recife Brasil
                Article
                S1809-29502016000300268
                10.1590/1809-2950/15476523032016
                8acea2ab-d417-43d0-9179-a36494bf2e41

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : October 2016
                : October 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Filariasis,Filariasis Linfática,Linfedema,Calidad de Vida,Morbilidad,Fisioterapia,Lymphatic Filariasis,Lymphedema,Quality of Life,Morbidity,Physiotherapy,Filariose,Filariose Linfática,Qualidade de Vida,Morbidade

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