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      Application of the Plan-Do-Check-Action Cycle in Reducing the Incidence of Forearm Hematoma in Patients After Transradial Artery Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

      research-article
      1 , 1
      Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
      Dove
      plan-do-check-act cycle, radial artery puncture, PCI, forearm hematoma

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          Abstract

          Background

          Transradial puncture has the advantages of significantly fewer complications, less patient pain, shorter hospital stays, and reduced hospital costs, but it tends to cause forearm hematoma, so reducing the rate of forearm hematoma is imperative. This study assessed the value of the plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle in standardizing nursing management in reduce the incidence of forearm hematoma in patients after transradial artery Percotaneous Coronary Intervention(PCI).

          Methods

          This study was conducted on 260 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and June 2022 who underwent coronary intervention. The subjects were divided into control-group (n=130) and observation-group (n=130) in accordance with their admission time. The control-group received routine nursing care; and the observation-group, was applied with PDCA nursing management in addition to conventional treatment.

          Results

          The incidence of forearm hematoma in patients after radial artery PCI decreased from 24.62% to 8.46% (P < 0.05).

          Conclusion

          The PDCA cycle management model was effective in reducing the incidence of forearm hematoma without increasing adverse patient outcomes.

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          Most cited references13

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          Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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            Saphenous Vein Graft Failure: From Pathophysiology to Prevention and Treatment Strategies

            Saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) remain the most frequently used conduits in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Despite advances in surgical techniques and pharmacotherapy, SVG failure rates remain high, often leading to repeat coronary revascularization. The no-touch SVG harvesting technique (minimal graft manipulation with preservation of vasa vasorum and nerves) reduces the risk of SVG failure, whereas the effect of the off-pump technique on SVG patency remains unclear. Use of buffered storage solutions, intraoperative graft flow measurement, careful selection of the target vessels, and physiological assessment of the native coronary circulation before CABG may also reduce the incidence of SVG failure. Perioperative aspirin and high-intensity statin administration are the cornerstones of secondary prevention after CABG. Dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for off-pump CABG and in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Intermediate (30%–60%) SVG stenoses often progress rapidly. Stenting of intermediate SVG stenoses failed to improve outcomes; hence, treatment focuses on strict control of coronary artery disease risk factors. Redo CABG is associated with higher perioperative mortality compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); hence, the latter is preferred for most patients requiring repeat revascularization after CABG. SVG PCI is limited by high rates of no-reflow and a high incidence of restenosis during follow-up. Drug-eluting and bare metal stents provide similar long-term outcomes in SVG PCI. Embolic protection devices reduce no-reflow and should be used when feasible. PCI of the corresponding native coronary artery is associated with better short- and long-term outcomes and is preferred over SVG PCI, if technically feasible.
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              CVIT expert consensus document on primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) update 2022

              Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has significantly contributed to reducing the mortality of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) even in cardiogenic shock and is now the standard of care in most of Japanese institutions. The Task Force on Primary PCI of the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Interventional and Therapeutics (CVIT) society proposed an expert consensus document for the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) focusing on procedural aspects of primary PCI in 2018. Updated guidelines for the management of AMI were published by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2017 and 2020. Major changes in the guidelines for STEMI patients included: (1) radial access and drug-eluting stents (DES) over bare-metal stents (BMS) were recommended as a Class I indication, (2) complete revascularization before hospital discharge (either immediate or staged) is now considered as Class IIa recommendation. In 2020, updated guidelines for Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) patients, the followings were changed: (1) an early invasive strategy within 24 h is recommended in patients with NSTEMI as a Class I indication, (2) complete revascularization in NSTEMI patients without cardiogenic shock is considered as Class IIa recommendation, and (3) in patients with atrial fibrillation following a short period of triple antithrombotic therapy, dual antithrombotic therapy (e.g., DOAC and single oral antiplatelet agent preferably clopidogrel) is recommended, with discontinuation of the antiplatelet agent after 6 to 12 months. Furthermore, an aspirin-free strategy after PCI has been investigated in several trials those have started to show the safety and efficacy. The Task Force on Primary PCI of the CVIT group has now proposed the updated expert consensus document for the management of AMI focusing on procedural aspects of primary PCI in 2022 version.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Multidiscip Healthc
                J Multidiscip Healthc
                jmdh
                Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
                Dove
                1178-2390
                26 February 2025
                2025
                : 18
                : 1183-1189
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cardiology, Jinhu County People’s Hospital , Huaian City, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Xiaoyan Zhou, Department of Cardiology, Jinhu County People’s Hospital , Jiangsu Province, Huaian City, People’s Republic of China, Tel: +86 18015198693, Fax +86 51786808708, Email jsjhcardiology@163.com
                Article
                511825
                10.2147/JMDH.S511825
                11873013
                40035030
                8a9f85fd-8474-4617-9f28-2a1b20e56c68
                © 2025 Fan and Zhou.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 17 December 2024
                : 18 February 2025
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, References: 13, Pages: 7
                Funding
                Funded by: funding to report;
                There is no funding to report.
                Categories
                Original Research

                Medicine
                plan-do-check-act cycle,radial artery puncture,pci,forearm hematoma
                Medicine
                plan-do-check-act cycle, radial artery puncture, pci, forearm hematoma

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