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      Clinical Effectiveness of Lurasidone Monotherapy in Patients with Acute Episodes of Schizophrenia and Associated Symptoms of Depression Translated title: Клиническая эффективность монотерапии Луразидоном у пациентов с острым эпизодом шизофрении и сопутствующими симптомами депрессии

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 5 , 6 , 5 , 11 , 10 , 11 , 8 , 1 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 7 , 8
      Consortium Psychiatricum
      Eco-Vector
      lurasidone, schizophrenia, depression, exacerbation of schizophrenia, second-generation antipsychotic, psychopharmacotherapy, луразидон, шизофрения, депрессия, обострение шизофрении, антипсихотик второго поколения, психофармакотерапия

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          Abstract

          AIM

          We endeavored to evaluate the efficacy of Lurasidone at doses of 40–160 mg per day on symptoms of schizophrenia associated with symptoms of depression in real clinical practice in a Russian patient population.

          METHODS

          One hundred sixty eight patients aged 18–65 years old, who at the time of the start of the observation were being treated in a hospital or day hospital due to an exacerbation of paranoid schizophrenia accompanied by symptoms of depression, were prescribed lurasidone. Treatment with lurasidone and other concomitant drugs, their prescription, withdrawal, selection, and dose modifications were determined based on the indications for the use of those drugs and the recommended doses in the instructions, clinical need, and patient interests, rather than by the goals of the study. During the observation period, the severity of depressive symptoms according to the Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS) and that of psychotic symptoms according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were assessed six times (before the start of treatment and then on the 4 th, 7 th, 14 th, 28 th, and 42 nd days).

          RESULTS

          A statistically significant reduction in the severity of the symptoms was observed with the use of lurasidone in doses ranging from 40 mg to 160 mg per day. The fastest and most significant ( p <0.001) reductions in the total PANSS and CDSS scores were observed with lurasidone 120 mg. A somewhat lower efficacy of lurasidone was observed at a dose of 160 mg. The largest reductions in the total PANSS and CDSS scores with lurasidone 120 mg were associated with the highest survival rate and the longest median time from treatment initiation to discontinuation or follow-up. The most commonly reported side effects with lurasidone in this study (nausea, akathisia, tremor and drowsiness) were consistent with the known safety profile of the drug. Adverse events in most cases were assessed as mild, or occasionally moderate.

          CONCLUSION

          A six-week prospective observational study of the real-world clinical effectiveness of lurasidone in doses ranging from 40 mg to 160 mg per day established statistically and clinically significant improvements in both psychotic and depressive symptoms in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and associated symptoms of depression.

          АННОТАЦИЯ

          ЦЕЛЬ

          Оценка клинического эффекта Луразидона в дозах от 40 до 160 мг в сутки в отношении симптомов шизофрении, сочетающихся с симптомами депрессии, в условиях реальной клинической практики в популяции пациентов РФ.

          МЕТОДЫ

          Включены 168 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет включительно, которые на момент начала наблюдения получали лечение в стационаре или дневном стационаре в связи с обострением параноидной шизофрении, сопровождавшимся симптомами депрессии. Лечение луразидоном и другими сопутствующимипрепаратами, их назначение, отмена, выбор и изменение дозы определялось показаниями к применению этих препаратов и рекомендованными в инструкциях дозами, клинической необходимостью и интересами пациентов, а не целями исследования. В период наблюдения шесть раз (до начала лечения и далее на 4-й, 7-й, 14-й, 28-й и 42-й дни) проводилась оценка выраженности депрессивной симптоматики по шкале депрессии Калгари у больных шизофренией (CDSS) и психотической симптоматики по шкале оценки позитивных и негативных синдромов (РАNSS).

          РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

          Улучшение со статистически значимым уменьшением выраженности симптомов прослеживалось при использовании луразидона в дозах от 40 до 160 мг в сутки. Самое быстрое и значимое (p <0,001) снижение общего балла PANSS и суммарного балла CDSS отмечено при использовании луразидона в дозе 120 мг. Несколько меньшая эффективность луразидона отмечалась в дозе 160 мг. Максимальное снижение общего балла PANSS и суммарного балла CDSS при назначении луразидона в дозе 120 мг сочеталось с наибольшим средним временем с момента начала лечения до его прекращения или остановки наблюдения за пациентом. Побочные эффекты, наиболее часто возникавшие при приеме луразидона в этом исследовании (тошнота, акатизия, тремор и сонливость), соответствовали известному профилю безопасности препарата. Нежелательные явления в большинстве случаев оценивались как легкие, изредка — умеренные.

          ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

          В 6-недельном наблюдательном проспективном исследовании клинической эффективности в отношении острых симптомов шизофрении, сочетающихся с симптомами депрессии, в условиях реальной клинической практики луразидон в гибких дозах от 40 до 160 мг в сутки обеспечивал статистически значимое и клинически существенное улучшение как психотических симптомов, так и симптомов депрессии. Луразидон хорошо переносился, мало влиял на вес, метаболические параметры и неврологический статус пациентов.

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          Most cited references47

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          Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

          Summary Background Schizophrenia is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorders in adults worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs are its treatment of choice, but there is controversy about which agent should be used. We aimed to compare and rank antipsychotics by quantifying information from randomised controlled trials. Methods We did a network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled and head-to-head randomised controlled trials and compared 32 antipsychotics. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, BIOSIS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to Jan 8, 2019. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted data. We included randomised controlled trials in adults with acute symptoms of schizophrenia or related disorders. We excluded studies in patients with treatment resistance, first episode, predominant negative or depressive symptoms, concomitant medical illnesses, and relapse-prevention studies. Our primary outcome was change in overall symptoms measured with standardised rating scales. We also extracted data for eight efficacy and eight safety outcomes. Differences in the findings of the studies were explored in metaregressions and sensitivity analyses. Effect size measures were standardised mean differences, mean differences, or risk ratios with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Confidence in the evidence was assessed using CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42014014919. Findings We identified 54 417 citations and included 402 studies with data for 53 463 participants. Effect size estimates suggested all antipsychotics reduced overall symptoms more than placebo (although not statistically significant for six drugs), with standardised mean differences ranging from −0·89 (95% CrI −1·08 to −0·71) for clozapine to −0·03 (−0·59 to 0·52) for levomepromazine (40 815 participants). Standardised mean differences compared with placebo for reduction of positive symptoms (31 179 participants) varied from −0·69 (95% CrI −0·86 to −0·52) for amisulpride to −0·17 (−0·31 to −0·04) for brexpiprazole, for negative symptoms (32 015 participants) from −0·62 (−0·84 to −0·39; clozapine) to −0·10 (−0·45 to 0·25; flupentixol), for depressive symptoms (19 683 participants) from −0·90 (−1·36 to −0·44; sulpiride) to 0·04 (−0·39 to 0·47; flupentixol). Risk ratios compared with placebo for all-cause discontinuation (42 672 participants) ranged from 0·52 (0·12 to 0·95; clopenthixol) to 1·15 (0·36 to 1·47; pimozide), for sedation (30 770 participants) from 0·92 (0·17 to 2·03; pimozide) to 10·20 (4·72 to 29·41; zuclopenthixol), for use of antiparkinson medication (24 911 participants) from 0·46 (0·19 to 0·88; clozapine) to 6·14 (4·81 to 6·55; pimozide). Mean differences compared to placebo for weight gain (28 317 participants) ranged from −0·16 kg (−0·73 to 0·40; ziprasidone) to 3·21 kg (2·10 to 4·31; zotepine), for prolactin elevation (21 569 participants) from −77·05 ng/mL (−120·23 to −33·54; clozapine) to 48·51 ng/mL (43·52 to 53·51; paliperidone) and for QTc prolongation (15 467 participants) from −2·21 ms (−4·54 to 0·15; lurasidone) to 23·90 ms (20·56 to 27·33; sertindole). Conclusions for the primary outcome did not substantially change after adjusting for possible effect moderators or in sensitivity analyses (eg, when excluding placebo-controlled studies). The confidence in evidence was often low or very low. Interpretation There are some efficacy differences between antipsychotics, but most of them are gradual rather than discrete. Differences in side-effects are more marked. These findings will aid clinicians in balancing risks versus benefits of those drugs available in their countries. They should consider the importance of each outcome, the patients' medical problems, and preferences. Funding German Ministry of Education and Research and National Institute for Health Research
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            Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5.

            Although dementia praecox or schizophrenia has been considered a unique disease for over a century, its definitions and boundaries have changed over this period and its etiology and pathophysiology remain elusive. Despite changing definitions, DSM-IV schizophrenia is reliably diagnosed, has fair validity and conveys useful clinical information. Therefore, the essence of the broad DSM-IV definition of schizophrenia is retained in DSM-5. The clinical manifestations are extremely diverse, however, with this heterogeneity being poorly explained by the DSM-IV clinical subtypes and course specifiers. Additionally, the boundaries of schizophrenia are imprecisely demarcated from schizoaffective disorder and other diagnostic categories and its special emphasis on Schneiderian "first-rank" symptoms appears misplaced. Changes in the definition of schizophrenia in DSM-5 seek to address these shortcomings and incorporate the new information about the nature of the disorder accumulated over the past two decades. Specific changes in its definition include elimination of the classic subtypes, addition of unique psychopathological dimensions, clarification of cross-sectional and longitudinal course specifiers, elimination of special treatment of Schneiderian 'first-rank symptoms', better delineation of schizophrenia from schizoaffective disorder, and clarification of the relationship of schizophrenia to catatonia. These changes should improve diagnosis and characterization of individuals with schizophrenia and facilitate measurement-based treatment and concurrently provide a more useful platform for research that will elucidate its nature and permit a more precise future delineation of the 'schizophrenias'. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Depression and Schizophrenia: Cause, Consequence or Trans-diagnostic Issue?

              The presence of depression in schizophrenia has been a challenge to the Kraepelinian dichotomy, with various attempts to save the fundamental distinction including evoking and refining diagnoses such as schizoaffective disorder. But the tectonic plates are shifting. Here we put forward a summary of recent evidence regarding the prevalence, importance, possible aetiological pathways and treatment challenges that recognizing depression in schizophrenia bring. Taken together we propose that depression is more than comorbidity and that increased effective therapeutic attention to mood symptoms will be needed to improve outcomes and to support prevention.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Investigation
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                Journal
                Consort Psychiatr
                Consort Psychiatr
                Consortium Psychiatricum
                Consortium Psychiatricum
                Eco-Vector
                2712-7672
                2713-2919
                2022
                30 September 2022
                : 3
                : 3
                : 56-70
                Affiliations
                Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev, Moscow, Russia ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», Москва, Россия
                Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств», Москва, Россия
                Moscow Regional Psychiatric Hospital No. 5, Khotkovo, Russia ГБУЗ Московской области «Психиатрическая больница № 5», Хотьково, Россия
                Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова», Москва, Россия
                Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia ГБУЗ Республики Башкортостан «Республиканская клиническая психиатрическая больница», Уфа, Россия
                Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный университет», Уфа, Россия
                Pavlov First State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
                City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6 (a hospital with a dispensary), Saint Petersburg, Russia анкт-Петербургское государственное казенное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская психиатрическая больница № 6 (стационар с диспансером)», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
                Medical Center «Moy doctor», Stavropol, Russia ООО Медицинский центр «Мой Доктор», Ставрополь, Россия
                North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
                Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko, Saint Petersburg, Russia Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Психиатрическая больница № 1 им. П.П. Кащенко», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
                Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья», Москва, Россия
                The Volgograd Medical State University, Volgograd, Russia, ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет», Волгоград, Россия
                Author notes
                [* ]corresponding author

                Information about the authors: * Aleksandr Mikhailovich Reznik, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, psychiatrist, Medical Institute of Continuing Education of Moscow State University of Food Production; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-5901, e-Library SPIN-code: 4955-8297

                E-mail: a.m.reznik1969@ 123456gmail.com

                Timur Sergeevich Syunyakov, MD, PhD, Senior researcher, Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia; Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601, e-Library SPIN-code: 7629-5309

                Inessa Yurievna Akhmerova, PhD, Department of General Psychology, Bashkir State University, Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Republic of Bashkortostan; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-1610

                Daniil Yurievich Butylin, PhD, Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-0065

                Anastasia Olegovna Vasilenko, MD, PhD; Medical Center “Moy doctor”; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-8529

                Anton Nikolaevich Gvozdetckii, PhD, Chair of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-1220

                Tagir Rafailovich Gizatullin, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Department of General Psychology, Bashkir State University; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-5648

                Galina Vadimovna Gilmanshina, MD, Head of the Department of Internal Quality Control and Safety of Medical Activities, Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Republic of Bashkortostan; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-8750

                Egor Aleksandrovich Golosov, Head of the Department, Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4548-8225

                Sergey Aleksandrovich Kolchev, PhD, Chair of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-2317

                Lidiya Pavlovna Linova, MD, psychiatrist, Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-3724

                Daniil Vasilievich Miron, MD, psychiatrist, intensive care unit for psychiatric care, City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6 (a hospital with a dispensary); ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-5743

                Alexander Vladimirovich Mudrak, MD, psychiatrist, Mental-health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1315-516X

                Igor Valentinovich Oleichik, MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), principal researcher, Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders and Affective Conditions, Mental Health Research Center; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-0620

                Stepan Vladimirovich Sizov, researcher, Department of Endogenous Mental Disorders and Affective Conditions, Mental Health Research Center; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-5122

                Elena Aleksandrovna Tarakanova, MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), The Volgograd Medical State University; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-522X

                Olga Ivanovna Chesnokova, MD, City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6 (a hospital with a dispensary), Psychiatric Hospital no. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of the Department of Health of Moscow; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6626

                Article
                2712-7672_2022_3_3_56
                10.17816/CP172
                11262118
                39044917
                8a7945ec-7662-4c1e-8733-c415beda3eb8
                © Authors, 2022

                This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 March 2022
                : 20 June 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: OAO Angelini Pharma Rus (open joint-stock company)
                The observational study was sponsored by OAO Angelini Pharma Rus (open joint-stock company).
                Categories
                Research

                lurasidone,schizophrenia,depression,exacerbation of schizophrenia,second-generation antipsychotic,psychopharmacotherapy,луразидон,шизофрения,депрессия,обострение шизофрении,антипсихотик второго поколения,психофармакотерапия

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