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      Aquifoliaceae na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil Translated title: Aquifoliaceae in the Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo Apresenta-se um estudo taxonômico de Aquifoliaceae para a Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A Serra Negra faz parte do Complexo da Mantiqueira, localizada na porção sul da Zona da Mata Mineira. O inventário florístico foi realizado com base em materiais de expedições vinculadas ao projeto “Estudos Florísticos na Serra Negra”. Essas expedições ocorreram entre 2003 e 2010. Na Serra Negra, Aquifoliaceae está representada por quatro espécies: Ilex dumosa, I. paraguariensis, I. subcordata e I. theezans. São fornecidas descrições, chave de identificação, ilustrações de caracteres diagnósticos e comentários sobre a taxonomia, ecologia e distribuição das espécies.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract A taxonomic study of Aquifoliaceae is presented for Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Serra Negra is part of the Mantiqueira Complex, located in the southern portion of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The floristic inventory was performed based on materials from expeditions linked to the “Estudos florísticos na Serra Negra, Minas Gerais” project. Those expeditions occurred between 2003 and 2010. In Serra Negra, Aquifoliaceae is represented by four species: Ilex dumosa, I. paraguariensis, I. subcordata, and I. theezans. Descriptions, identification key, illustrations of diagnostic characters and comments on the taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the species are provided.

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          Chloroplast genome structure in Ilex (Aquifoliaceae)

          Aquifoliaceae is the largest family in the campanulid order Aquifoliales. It consists of a single genus, Ilex, the hollies, which is the largest woody dioecious genus in the angiosperms. Most species are in East Asia or South America. The taxonomy and evolutionary history remain unclear due to the lack of a robust species-level phylogeny. We produced the first complete chloroplast genomes in this family, including seven Ilex species, by Illumina sequencing of long-range PCR products and subsequent reference-guided de novo assembly. These genomes have a typical bicyclic structure with a conserved genome arrangement and moderate divergence. The total length is 157,741 bp and there is one large single-copy region (LSC) with 87,109 bp, one small single-copy with 18,436 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) with 52,196 bp. A total of 144 genes were identified, including 96 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA and 8 rRNA. Thirty-four repetitive sequences were identified in Ilex pubescens, with lengths >14 bp and identity >90%, and 11 divergence hotspot regions that could be targeted for phylogenetic markers. This study will contribute to improved resolution of deep branches of the Ilex phylogeny and facilitate identification of Ilex species.
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            The history of extant Ilex species (Aquifoliaceae): evidence of hybridization within a Miocene radiation.

            The history and diversification of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae), based on 108 different species (116 specimens), are inferred from the analysis of two nuclear (ITS and nepGS) and three plastid (rbcL, trnL-F and atpB-rbcL) sequences. Nuclear and plastid trees are highly incongruent and the nuclear tree is more compatible with current taxonomic classifications than the plastid one. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of extant species is dated from the Miocene, although the Ilex stem lineage can be traced back to the late Cretaceous, according to fossil records. This suggests extensive lineage extinctions between the Cretaceous and Miocene and may also explain the difficulties encountered in defining the relationships between Ilex and its closest relatives. The MRCA ancestral area was identified as being in the North Hemisphere (North America and/or East Asia). Several bidirectional North America/East Asia and North America/South America dispersal events are proposed to explain observed geographic and phylogenetic patterns. Hybridization and introgression events between distantly related lineages are also inferred, indicating weak reproductive barriers between species in Ilex. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Flora fanerogâmica da Serra Negra, Minas Gerais, Brasil

              O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a flora fanerogâmica da região da Serra Negra localizada no sul da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, entre os municípios de Lima Duarte, Rio Preto, Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde e Olaria. Embora considerada de importância biológica alta, esta região não possui nenhum registro anterior de dados florísticos, o que levou ao desenvolvimento deste levantamento, durante o período de 2003 a 2010. A vegetação é caracterizada por um mosaico de formações florestais e campestres onde se destacam os campos rupestres e florestas nebulares em altitudes que variam de 1300 a ca. 1700 m. Um total de 1033 espécies foi encontrado, distribuídas em 469 gêneros e 121 famílias sendo as mais representativas Orchidaceae (115 spp.), Asteraceae 54 spp.), Melastomataceae (56 spp.), Myrtaceae (53 spp.), Fabaceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae (48 spp. cada), Bromeliaceae (43 spp.), Solanaceae (38 spp.) e Piperaceae (33 spp). Novos registros e endemismos para a flora mineira foram encontrados e 58 espécies estão citadas na lista de espécies ameaçadas de Minas Gerais.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                June 2018
                : 69
                : 2
                : 805-814
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Inst. Biociências orgdiv2Dep. Botânica Brazil
                [2] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Inst. Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Dep. Botânica Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602018000200805
                10.1590/2175-7860201869237
                8a6d8670-49b2-49eb-9ec5-c8ca41bcf3da

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2017
                : 06 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Aquifoliales,área prioritária para conservação,taxonomy,floristics,flora,taxonomia,priority area for conservation

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