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      Eficácia de la Terapia Cognitiva Conductual Para el Trastorno Bipolar: una Revisión Sistemática Translated title: Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: a Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El trastorno bipolar (TB) es una enfermedad mental grave con un curso crónico y una morbimortalidad importante. El TB tiene una tasa de prevalencia a lo largo de la vida del 1 al 1,5% y se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de manía, depresión o una mezcla de ambas fases. Aunque tiene tratamiento farmacológico y psicoterapéutico, la terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) ha mostrado efectos beneficiosos, pero no se cuenta con suficiente información clínica en la literatura actual. Métodos: El objetivo principal es determinar la eficacia de la TCC sola o como complemento del tratamiento farmacológico para el TB. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 17 artículos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: investigación cuantitativa o cualitativa dirigida a examinar la eficacia de la TCC en pacientes con TB con/sin medicación, publicaciones en idioma inglés y tener 18-65 anos de edad. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: artículos de revisión y metanálisis, artículos que incluían a pacientes con otros diagnósticos además de TB y no separaban los resultados basados en dichos diagnósticos y estudios con pacientes que no cumplían los criterios de TB del DSM o ICD. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science hasta el 5 de enero de 2020. La estrategia de búsqueda fue: "Bipolar Disorder" AND "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy". Resultados: Se incluyó en total a 1.531 pacientes de ambos sexos. La media de edad ponderada fue 40,703 arios. El número de sesiones varió de 8 a 30, con una duración total de 45-120 min. Todos los estudios muestran resultados variables en la mejora del nivel de depresión y la gravedad de la manía, mejora de la funcionalidad, disminución de recaídas y recurrencias, reducción de los niveles de ansiedad y reducción de la gravedad del insomnio. Conclusiones: Se considera que la TCC sola o complementaria para pacientes con TB muestra resultados prometedores después del tratamiento y durante el seguimiento. Los beneficios incluyen niveles reducidos de depresión y manía, menos recaídas y recurrencias y niveles más altos de funcionamiento psicosocial. Se necesitan más estudios.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness with a chronic course and significant morbidity and mortality. BD has a lifetime prevalence rate of 1% to 1.5% and is characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, or a mixture of both phases. Although it has harmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment, cognitive behaviouraltherapy (CBT) has shown beneficial effects, but there is not enough clinical information in the current literature. Methods: The main aim was to determine the efficacy of CBT alone or as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment for BD. A systematic review of 17 articles was carried out. The inclusion criteria were: quantitative or qualitative research aimed at examining the efficacy of CBT in BD patients with/without medication; publications in English language; and) being 18-65 years of age. The exclusion criteria were: review and meta-analysis articles; articles that included patients with other diagnoses in addition to BD and that did not separate the results based on such diagnoses; and studies with patients who did not meet the DSM or ICD criteria for BD. The PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched up to 5 January 2020. The search strategy was: "Bipolar Disorder" AND "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy". Results: A total of 1,531 patients both sexes were included. The weighted mean age was 40.703 years. The number of sessions ranged from 8-30, with a total duration of 45120 minutes. All the studies show variable results in improving the level of depression and the severity of mania, improving functionality, reducing relapses and recurrences, and reducing anxiety levels and the severity of insomnia. Conclusions: The use of CBT alone or adjunctive therapy in BD patients is considered to show promising results after treatment and during follow-up. Benefits include reduced levels of depression and mania, fewer relapses and recurrences, and higher levels of psychosocial functioning. More studies are needed.

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          Most cited references34

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          Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

          Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.
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            Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review.

            Bipolar disorder has generally been regarded as having a better functional outcome than schizophrenia. However, studies have suggested low functioning in bipolar patients even when they are in clinical remission. Our aim was to determine the degree of functioning and disability in bipolar patients. Secondly, we reviewed factors potentially associated with the low functioning of bipolar patients. The authors conducted an extensive Medline and Pubmed search of the published literature from 1980 up to December 2007, using a variety of search terms to find relevant articles. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were further analysed for publications of interest. Articles that reported clinically significant findings on functioning and disability, and research reports were reviewed in detail. From these articles, we determined that bipolar disorder is associated with significant impairment in work, family and social life, beyond the acute phases of the illness. The aspects that appear to increase the risk of low functioning and disability in bipolar patients are mainly subsyndromal symptoms and neurocognitive impairment, among others. Suitable pharmacological and psychological interventions may improve the level of functioning and reduce the disability in bipolar patients. Potential targets to be considered for intervention should be residual symptoms, comorbid conditions and neurocognitive deficits. Further research is required to better identify the factors that best predict functioning in bipolar patients. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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              Cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe and recurrent bipolar disorders: randomised controlled trial.

              Efficacy trials suggest that structured psychological therapies may significantly reduce recurrence rates of major mood episodes in individuals with bipolar disorders. To compare the effectiveness of treatment as usual with an additional 22 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). We undertook a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised controlled treatment trial (n=253). Patients were assessed every 8 weeks for 18 months. More than half of the patients had a recurrence by 18 months, with no significant differences between groups (hazard ratio=1.05; 95% CI 0.74-1.50). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant interaction (P=0.04) such that adjunctive CBT was significantly more effective than treatment as usual in those with fewer than 12 previous episodes, but less effective in those with more episodes. People with bipolar disorder and comparatively fewer previous mood episodes may benefit from CBT. However, such cases form the minority of those receiving mental healthcare.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
                rev.colomb.psiquiatr.
                Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria. (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0034-7450
                September 2023
                : 52
                : 3
                : 213-224
                Affiliations
                [1] Lima orgnameInstituto Peruano para el Estudio y Abordaje Integral de la Personalidad Perú
                [2] Lima orgnameHospital de Emergencias Villa El Salvador orgdiv1Servicio de Psiquiatría Perú
                Article
                S0034-74502023000300213 S0034-7450(23)05200300213
                10.1016/j.rcp.2021.05.006
                8a5fbce7-ff69-48a1-9979-bcc1528cd91b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2021
                : 19 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículo original

                Efficacy,Cognitive behavioural therapy,Bipolar disorder,Eficacia,Terapia cognitiva conductual,Trastorno bipolar

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