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      Incidencia de la fibrilación auricular poscirugía de revascularización miocárdica: asociación con uso de circulación extracorpórea

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          Abstract

          La fibrilación auricular (FA) es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en el postoperatorio de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM). Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la FA post CRM podría contribuir al conocimiento de su fisiopatología y al desarrollo de estrategias de prevención adecuadas. Distintos estudios han evaluado la relación de la FA post CRM con factores quirúrgicos, como el uso de circulación extracorpórea. Los resultados obtenidos son controversiales. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia del diagnóstico de FA en el postoperatorio de CRM, estratificada según el uso o no de circulación extracorpórea. Material y método: se determinó la incidencia del diagnóstico de FA en pacientes a los que se les realizó primera cirugía de revascularización miocárdica, de coordinación, entre los años 1995 y 2004 (n=2.459). Se estratificó la incidencia de FA, según el uso o no de circulación extracorpórea. Resultado: el riesgo relativo (RR, IC 95%) de FA acumulada (con circulación extracorpórea) en el período abril de 1995 a diciembre de 2004 fue de 1,57 (1,18-2,02). Los RR anuales muestran valores en general por encima de 1, pero sus IC 95% no permiten rechazar la hipótesis nula. Conclusión: el uso de circulación extracorpórea se asoció con mayor incidencia de diagnóstico de FA en el postoperatorio de CRM, aunque con escaso significado clínico.

          Translated abstract

          Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications in the post-operative period of coronary artery bypass grafting. The detection of the risk factors for the development of post-operative AF could help to understand its physiopathology, and to develop useful prevention strategies. Many studies have assessed the relation between postoperative AF and surgical factors as the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The studies’ results differ. Aims: to assess the incidence of the diagnosis of AF in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass surgery, and its relation with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: incidence of the diagnosis of AF was calculated in patients undergoing first and elective coronary artery bypass surgery from April 1995 to December 2004 (n=2459). Incidence of AF was calculated for patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: The cumulative relative risk (CI 95%) of AF with on-pump surgery is 1.57 (1.18-2.02). The annual relative risks showed values over 1, but the confidence intervals did not allow rejecting the null hypothesis. Conclusion: the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was associated to an increased incidence in the diagnosis of postoperative AF, although with poor clinical significance.

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          Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. Current trends and impact on hospital resources.

          Atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Its pathophysiology is unclear, and its prevention and management remain suboptimal. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the current incidence of AF, identify its clinical predictors, and examine its impact on resource utilization. Over a 12-month period ending July 31, 1994, a CABG procedure was performed on 570 consecutive patients (age range, 32 to 87 years; median age, 67 years; 232 [41%] were > or = 70 years; 175 [31%] were women; 173 [30%] were diabetics; 364 [65%] required nonelective surgery; 86 [15%] had had a prior CABG; and 86 [15%] had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). AF occurred in 189 patients (33%). The median age for patients with AF was 71 years compared with 66 for patients without (P = .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, +/- 95% CI, P value) was used to identify the following independent predictors of postoperative AF: increasing age (age 70 to 80 years [OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3; P = .002], age > 80 years [OR = 3; CI, 1.6 to 5.8; P = .0007]), male gender (OR = 1.7; CI, 1.1 to 2.7; P = .01), hypertension (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.3; P = .03), need for an intraoperative intraaortic balloon pump (OR = 3.5; CI, 1.2 to 10.9; P = .03), postoperative pneumonia (OR = 3.9; CI, 1.3 to 11.5; P = .01), ventilation for > 24 hours (OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3.2; P = .003), and return to the intensive care unit (OR = 3.2; CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = .03). The mean length of hospital stay after surgery was 15.3 +/- 28.6 days for patients with AF compared with 9.3 +/- 19.6 days for patients without AF (P = .001). The adjusted length of hospital stay attributable to AF was 4.9 days, corresponding to > or = $10 055 in hospital charges. AF remains the most common complication after CABG and consequently is a drain on hospital resources. Concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of AF and the associated increased length of stay would result in substantial cost saving and decrease patient morbidity.
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            Inflammation of atrium after cardiac surgery is associated with inhomogeneity of atrial conduction and atrial fibrillation.

            Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after cardiac surgery. Abnormal conduction is an important substrate for AF. We hypothesized that atrial inflammation alters atrial conduction properties. Normal mongrel canines (n=24) were divided into 4 groups consisting of anesthesia alone (control group); pericardiotomy (pericardiotomy group); lateral right atriotomy (atriotomy group); and lateral right atriotomy with antiinflammatory therapy (methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg per day) (antiinflammatory group). Right atrial activation was examined 3 days after surgery. Inhomogeneity of conduction was quantified by the variation of maximum local activation phase difference. To initiate AF, burst pacing was performed. Myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil cell infiltration in the atrial myocardium were measured to quantify the degree of inflammation. The inhomogeneity of atrial conduction of the atriotomy and pericardiotomy groups was higher than that of the control group (2.02+/-0.10, 1.51+/-0.03 versus 0.96+/-0.08, respectively; P<0.005). Antiinflammatory therapy decreased the inhomogeneity of atrial conduction after atriotomy (1.16+/-0.10; P<0.001). AF duration was longer in the atriotomy and pericardiotomy groups than in the control and antiinflammatory groups (P=0.012). There also were significant differences in myeloperoxidase activity between the atriotomy and pericardiotomy groups and the control group (0.72+/-0.09, 0.41+/-0.08 versus 0.18+/-0.03 DeltaOD/min per milligram protein, respectively; P<0.001). Myeloperoxidase activity of the antiinflammatory group was lower than that of the atriotomy group (0.17+/-0.02; P<0.001). Inhomogeneity of conduction correlated with myeloperoxidase activity (r=0.851, P<0.001). The degree of atrial inflammation was associated with a proportional increase in the inhomogeneity of atrial conduction and AF duration. This may be a factor in the pathogenesis of early postoperative AF. Antiinflammatory therapy has the potential to decrease the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery.
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              Atrial arrhythmias after cardiothoracic surgery.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                ruc
                Revista Uruguaya de Cardiología
                Rev.Urug.Cardiol.
                Sociedad Uruguaya de Cardiología (Montevideo )
                1688-0420
                September 2007
                : 22
                : 2
                : 123-129
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Casa de Galicia
                [2 ] Universidad de la República
                [3 ] Casa de Galicia
                [4 ] Facultad de Medicina
                [5 ] CICU
                [6 ] CICU
                [7 ] CICU
                [8 ] Casa de Galicia
                [9 ] Casa de Galicia Uruguay
                Article
                S1688-04202007000200007
                8a1c3d49-e223-4111-9378-60d0c612f34c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Uruguay

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1688-0420&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                SURGERY

                Surgery,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine
                ATRIAL FIBRILLATION,FIBRILACIÓN AURICULAR,REVASCULARIZACIÓN MIOCÁRDICA,CIRCULACIÓN EXTRACORPÓREA,MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION,EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION

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