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      Abdomen agudo con compromiso neuropsiquiátrico y ventilatoria como presentación de porfiria aguda Translated title: Abdominal pain with neuropsychiatric symptoms and ventilatory failure as a presentation of acute porphyria

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          Resumen

          Introducción:

          la porfiria aguda intermitente (PAI) es una enfermedad metabólica infrecuente, siendo la más común de las porfirias agudas. El síntoma más frecuente es el dolor abdominal agudo, aunque también pueden acompañarse de convulsiones, alteraciones neuro-psiquiátricas o neuropatías motoras simétricas, y que en algunos pacientes puede progresar a la parálisis de la musculatura respiratoria. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una forma atípica de presentación de una porfiria aguda, a fin de considerar como diagnósticos diferenciales en dolor abdominal.

          Caso clínico:

          paciente con PAI, que presenta abdomen agudo, convulsiones, posteriormente compromiso neuro-psiquiátrico y neuropatía motora simétrica, ingresando a ventilación mecánica. Por la gravedad del compromiso neurológico recibió arginato de hemina, cursando con hipertransaminemia transitoria, evento adverso no reportado previamente. La evolución fue favorable, retirándosele la ventilación mecánica y el alta hospitalaria.

          Conclusiones:

          se debe considerar el diagnóstico de PAI en casos de dolor abdominal agudo asociado a síntomas neurológicos y/o psiquiátricos, particularmente en mujeres jóvenes. La administración de hemina es considerada el estándar de tratamiento, y aun en forma tardía podría tener efectos beneficiosos.

          Abstract

          Background:

          Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an uncommon metabolic disease, being the most common of the acute porphyrias. The most frequent symptom is acute abdominal pain, although can be accompanied by seizures, neuro-psychiatric alterations or symmetrical motor neuropathies, which in some patients can progress to respiratory musculature paralysis.

          Objective:

          To describe an atypical presentation of acute porphyria to be considered as differential diagnoses in abdominal pain.

          Clinical case:

          We present a case of a patient with AIP, presenting acute abdomen, seizures, later developed neuropsychiatric compromise and symmetrical motor neuropathy, and was admitted to mechanical ventilation. Due to the severity of the neurological involvement, he received hemin arginate, presenting with transient hypertransaminemia, an adverse event not previously reported. The evolution was favorable, with mechanical ventilation and hospital discharge withdrawn.

          Conclusions:

          The diagnosis of AIP should be considered in cases of acute abdominal pain associated with neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms, particularly young women. The administration of hemin is considered the standard of treatment, and even late could have beneficial effects.

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          Most cited references26

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          Porphyria

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            Acute porphyrias in the USA: features of 108 subjects from porphyrias consortium.

            Recent descriptions of the clinical and laboratory features of subjects with acute porphyrias in the US are lacking. Our aim was to describe clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of 108 subjects.
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              EXPLORE: A Prospective, Multinational, Natural History Study of Patients with Acute Hepatic Porphyria with Recurrent Attacks

              BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute hepatic porphyria comprises a group of rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes involved in heme biosynthesis. Patients can experience acute neurovisceral attacks, debilitating chronic symptoms, and long-term complications. There is a lack of multinational, prospective data characterizing the disease and current treatment practices in severely affected patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS: EXPLORE is a prospective, multinational, natural history study characterizing disease activity and clinical management in patients with acute hepatic porphyria who experience recurrent attacks. Eligible patients had a confirmed acute hepatic porphyria diagnosis and had experienced ≥3 attacks in the prior 12 months or were receiving prophylactic treatment. A total of 112 patients were enrolled and followed for at least 6 months. In the 12 months before the study, patients reported a median (range) of 6 (0–52) acute attacks, with 52 (46%) patients receiving hemin prophylaxis. Chronic symptoms were reported by 73 (65%) patients, with 52 (46%) patients experiencing these daily. During the study, 98 (88%) patients experienced a total of 483 attacks, 77% of which required treatment at a health care facility and/or hemin administration (median [range] annualized attack rate 2.0 [0.0–37.0]). Elevated levels of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 messenger ribonucleic acid levels, δ-aminolevulinic acid, and porphobilinogen compared with the upper limit of normal in healthy individuals were observed at baseline and increased further during attacks. Patients had impaired quality of life and increased health care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Patients experienced attacks often requiring treatment in a health care facility and/or with hemin, as well as chronic symptoms that adversely influenced day-to-day functioning. In this patient group, the high disease burden and diminished quality of life highlight the need for novel therapies. (Hepatology 2019;0:1–13).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
                Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
                Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Ciudad de México, México )
                0443-5117
                2448-5667
                Mar-Apr 2023
                Mar-Apr 2023
                : 61
                : 2
                : 227-233
                Affiliations
                [1] originalHospital Nacional Hipólito Unánue, Departamento de Medicina Interna. Lima, Perú orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Perú
                [2] originalUniversidad Ricardo Palma, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Facultad de Medicina. Lima, Perú. orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Perú
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-1891
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-3069
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8204-9796
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-0666
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-8032
                Article
                10396011
                37201189
                89fb3072-d929-41cd-b2c2-855668fbcb92
                © 2023 Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

                Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.

                History
                : 15 June 2022
                : 01 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26
                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                porfiria intermitente aguda,dolor abdominal,polineuropatías,insuficiencia respiratoria,hemina,porphyria, acute intermittent,abdominal pain,polyneuropathies,respiratory insufficiency,hemin

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