Larvicidal Activity of Methyl Benzoate, a Volatile Organic Compound, Against the Mosquitoes <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Culex pipiens</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Methyl benzoate (MBe) is a volatile organic molecule found in various plants; it is used as an insect semiochemical. MBe also has a biorational insecticidal effect against various agricultural and urban arthropod pests. The present study was the first to assess the larvicidal potential of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex pipiens (L.). A positive association was observed between MBe concentrations and larval mortality in both the species. The highest mortality recorded was 100% for Ae. albopictus and 56% for Cx. pipiens after 24 h of exposure to 200 ppm MBe. The lethal median concentration (LC50) values of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens were 61 ppm and 185 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that MBe has great potential for use as an environmentally friendly larvicidal agent for mosquito control.

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The global distribution and burden of dengue

Samir Bhatt, Peter W. Gething, Oliver J Brady … (2013)

Dengue is a systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes 1 . For some patients dengue is a life-threatening illness 2 . There are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics, and substantial vector control efforts have not stopped its rapid emergence and global spread 3 . The contemporary worldwide distribution of the risk of dengue virus infection 4 and its public health burden are poorly known 2,5 . Here we undertake an exhaustive assembly of known records of dengue occurrence worldwide, and use a formal modelling framework to map the global distribution of dengue risk. We then pair the resulting risk map with detailed longitudinal information from dengue cohort studies and population surfaces to infer the public health burden of dengue in 2010. We predict dengue to be ubiquitous throughout the tropics, with local spatial variations in risk influenced strongly by rainfall, temperature and the degree of urbanisation. Using cartographic approaches, we estimate there to be 390 million (95 percent credible interval 284-528) dengue infections per year, of which 96 million (67-136) manifest apparently (any level of clinical or sub-clinical severity). This infection total is more than three times the dengue burden estimate of the World Health Organization 2 . Stratification of our estimates by country allows comparison with national dengue reporting, after taking into account the probability of an apparent infection being formally reported. The most notable differences are discussed. These new risk maps and infection estimates provide novel insights into the global, regional and national public health burden imposed by dengue. We anticipate that they will provide a starting point for a wider discussion about the global impact of this disease and will help guide improvements in disease control strategies using vaccine, drug and vector control methods and in their economic evaluation. [285]

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The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus

Moritz Ug Kraemer, Marianne Sinka, Kirsten A. Duda … (2015)

Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08347.001

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Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans

Catherine Moyes, John Vontas, Ademir J. Martins … (2017)

Both Aedes aegytpi and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of 5 important arboviruses (namely chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus), making these mosquitoes an important factor in the worldwide burden of infectious disease. Vector control using insecticides coupled with larval source reduction is critical to control the transmission of these viruses to humans but is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Here, we review the available evidence for the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in these 2 major vectors worldwide and map the data collated for the 4 main classes of neurotoxic insecticide (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Emerging resistance to all 4 of these insecticide classes has been detected in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Target-site mutations and increased insecticide detoxification have both been linked to resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus but more work is required to further elucidate metabolic mechanisms and develop robust diagnostic assays. Geographical distributions are provided for the mechanisms that have been shown to be important to date. Estimating insecticide resistance in unsampled locations is hampered by a lack of standardisation in the diagnostic tools used and by a lack of data in a number of regions for both resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The need for increased sampling using standard methods is critical to tackle the issue of emerging insecticide resistance threatening human health. Specifically, diagnostic doses and well-characterised susceptible strains are needed for the full range of insecticides used to control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to standardise measurement of the resistant phenotype, and calibrated diagnostic assays are needed for the major mechanisms of resistance.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Md Munir Mostafiz: (View ORCID Profile)

Jihun Ryu: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Journal of Medical Entomology

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

ISSN (Print): 0022-2585

ISSN (Electronic): 1938-2928

Publication date Created: March 01 2022

Publication date Created: March 16 2022

Publication date Created: January 19 2022

Publication date Other: March 01 2022

Publication date (Print): March 16 2022

Publication date (Electronic): January 19 2022

Volume: 59

Issue: 2

Pages: 788-794

Affiliations

[1 ]Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

[2 ]School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

[3 ]Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

[4 ]Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

[5 ]School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland Gatton, Queensland, Australia

Article

DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab230

SO-VID: 89f40bbc-b7d4-472b-a3b1-ba36c6efb603

License:

https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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