Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Global warming has increased the frequency of extreme high temperature events. High temperature is a major abiotic stress that limits the growth and production of plants. Therefore, the plant response to heat stress (HS) has been a focus of research. However, the plant response to HS involves complex physiological traits and molecular or gene networks that are not fully understood. Here, we review recent progress in the physiological (photosynthesis, cell membrane thermostability, oxidative damage, and others), transcriptional, and post-transcriptional (noncoding RNAs) regulation of the plant response to HS. We also summarize advances in understanding of the epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling) and epigenetic memory underlying plant–heat interactions. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of future research in the plant response to HS.

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Shotgun bisulphite sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome reveals DNA methylation patterning.

Shawn Cokus, Suhua Feng, Xiaoyu Zhang … (2008)

Cytosine DNA methylation is important in regulating gene expression and in silencing transposons and other repetitive sequences. Recent genomic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that many endogenous genes are methylated either within their promoters or within their transcribed regions, and that gene methylation is highly correlated with transcription levels. However, plants have different types of methylation controlled by different genetic pathways, and detailed information on the methylation status of each cytosine in any given genome is lacking. To this end, we generated a map at single-base-pair resolution of methylated cytosines for Arabidopsis, by combining bisulphite treatment of genomic DNA with ultra-high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina 1G Genome Analyser and Solexa sequencing technology. This approach, termed BS-Seq, unlike previous microarray-based methods, allows one to sensitively measure cytosine methylation on a genome-wide scale within specific sequence contexts. Here we describe methylation on previously inaccessible components of the genome and analyse the DNA methylation sequence composition and distribution. We also describe the effect of various DNA methylation mutants on genome-wide methylation patterns, and demonstrate that our newly developed library construction and computational methods can be applied to large genomes such as that of mouse.

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Generation and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photocatalysis.

Atsuko Nosaka, Yoshio Nosaka (2017)

The detection methods and generation mechanisms of the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., superoxide anion radical (•O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in photocatalysis, were surveyed comprehensively. Consequently, the major photocatalyst used in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems was found to be TiO2. However, besides TiO2 some representative photocatalysts were also involved in the discussion. Among the various issues we focused on the detection methods and generation reactions of ROS in the aqueous suspensions of photocatalysts. On the careful account of the experimental results presented so far, we proposed the following apprehension: adsorbed •OH could be regarded as trapped holes, which are involved in a rapid adsorption-desorption equilibrium at the TiO2-solution interface. Because the equilibrium shifts to the adsorption side, trapped holes must be actually the dominant oxidation species whereas •OH in solution would exert the reactivity mainly for nonadsorbed reactants. The most probable routes of generating intrinsic ROS at the surfaces of two polymorphs of TiO2, anatase and rutile, were discussed along with some plausible rational reaction processes. In addition to the four major ROS, three ROS, that is organic peroxides, ozone, and nitric oxide, which are less common in photocatalysis are also briefly reviewed.

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Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Heat Stress Response.

Naohiko Ohama, Hikaru Sato, Kazuo Shinozaki … (2017)

Heat stress (HS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for food security as global warming progresses. Recent studies have elucidated the complex transcriptional regulatory networks involved in HS. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulatory network and post-translational regulation of the transcription factors involved in the HS response. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation and small RNAs are important in heat-induced transcriptional responses and stress memory. It remains to be elucidated how plants sense and respond to HS. Several recent reports have discussed the heat sensing and signaling that activate transcriptional cascades; thus, we also highlight future directions of promoting crop tolerance to HS using these factors or other strategies for agricultural applications.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 24 December 2020

Publication date Collection: January 2021

Volume: 22

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 117

Affiliations

[1 ]College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; zhaojg@ 123456yzu.edu.cn (J.Z.); d160068@ 123456yzu.edu.cn (Z.L.); liwang@ 123456yzu.edu.cn (L.W.)

[2 ]Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: bjin@ 123456yzu.edu.cn

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Biao Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-334X

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-22-00117

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010117

PMC ID: 7795586

PubMed ID: 33374376

SO-VID: 89214aca-f913-448c-afe9-ee13b404a767

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics

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Stress signalling in stem cells

Most cited references 100

Shotgun bisulphite sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome reveals DNA methylation patterning.

Generation and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photocatalysis.

Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Heat Stress Response.

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