Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer-Related Mortality in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Objective

Our research was designed to investigate the relationship between systemic immune inflammation (SII) index and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer-related mortality in patients with CVD.

Methods

We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2018 to conduct this study. The association between SII index and all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality in patients with CVD was examined using restricted cubic splines (RCS), Cox proportional hazard models, and subgroup analysis, respectively. CVD was defined as a composite of five outcomes of CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Additionally, the link between SII index and all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality in patients with a composite of five outcomes of CVD was also explored.

Results

In total, 5329 participants were included. The RCS also showed a U-curve correlation between SII index and the all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality in patients with CVD. As compared with the individuals with lowest quartile of SII index, hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality across the quartiles were (1.202 (0.981, 1.474), 1.184 (0.967, 1.450), and 1.365 (1.115, 1.672)), (1.116 (0.815, 1.527), 1.017 (0.740, 1.398), and 1.220 (0.891, 1.670)), and (1.202 (0.981, 1.474), 1.184 (0.967, 1.450), and 1.365 (1.115, 1.672)), respectively, in the full-adjusted model. The SII index also had a U-shaped relationship with all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality in patients with CHD, angina, and myocardial infarction. Additionally, the U-shaped relationship between SII index and all-cause, and cancer-related mortality also exists in CHF, and stroke. However, there was a positive linear correlation between SII index and CVD mortality in patients with CHF, and stroke.

Conclusion

In the United States general population, the correlation between SII index and all-cause, CVD, and cancer-related mortality showed a U-shaped curve in patients with CVD.

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Most cited references 45

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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Gregory A Roth, Catherine Johnson, Amanuel Abajobir … (2018)

Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world. Objectives The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden. Methods CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Results In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75. Conclusions CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

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Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus.

E. Baechler, F Batliwalla, G Karypis … (2003)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. We used global gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify distinct patterns of gene expression that distinguish most SLE patients from healthy controls. Strikingly, about half of the patients studied showed dysregulated expression of genes in the IFN pathway. Furthermore, this IFN gene expression "signature" served as a marker for more severe disease involving the kidneys, hematopoetic cells, and/or the central nervous system. These results provide insights into the genetic pathways underlying SLE, and identify a subgroup of patients who may benefit from therapies targeting the IFN pathway.

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Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Bo Hu, Xin-Rong Yang, Yang Xu … (2014)

We developed a novel systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts and explored its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Inflamm Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Inflamm Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): jir

Title: Journal of Inflammation Research

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7031

Publication date (Electronic): 06 March 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 16

Pages: 941-961

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

[2 ]Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

[3 ]Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Author notes

Correspondence: Naifeng Liu, Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 025 8327 2002, Email liunf@seu.edu.cn

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work

Author information

Shengjue Xiao http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-3260

Yufei Zhou http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-309X

Article

Publisher ID: 402227

DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S402227

PMC ID: 9999722

PubMed ID: 36908696

SO-VID: 887a79c2-4935-445f-9f51-a976c203b82c

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 06 January 2023

Date accepted : 24 February 2023

Page count

Figures: 12, Tables: 5, References: 45, Pages: 21

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100001809;

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770451).

Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer-Related Mortality in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

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HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy

Most cited references 45

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus.

Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

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